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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Ablaut (camiyāṃsachiṣa)
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===Ablaut (''camiyāṃsachiṣa'')=== | ===Ablaut (''camiyāṃsachiṣa'')=== | ||
Dundulanyä is characterized by a complex system of vowel alternations (apophony, in Dundulanyä ''camiyāṃsachiṣa'', literally "vowel stairs") that was inherited from its proto-language. There are, depending on definition, either nine or twelve ablaut patterns, which Dundulanyä verbal roots may belong to, in addition to those that do not undergo ablaut. The overwhelming majority of Dundulanyä verbal roots are monosyllabic, and the few bi- or polysyllabic ones are all non-ablauting. | Dundulanyä is characterized by a complex system of vowel alternations (apophony, in Dundulanyä ''camiyāṃsachiṣa'', literally "vowel stairs") that was inherited from its proto-language. There are, depending on definition, either nine or twelve ablaut patterns, which Dundulanyä verbal roots may belong to, in addition to those that do not undergo ablaut. The overwhelming majority of Dundulanyä verbal roots are monosyllabic, and the few bi- or polysyllabic ones are all non-ablauting. | ||
Each root has three different grades: the middle grade, citation form of roots, is called ''būcūya'' (from √būc- "flat"); the zero grade (or lower grade) is called ''ślūtya'' (literally "remnant", from √ślo- "to be left"), while the higher grade is called ''udhyukṣṇise'' (literally "grown within"). | |||
Nominal examples: | Nominal examples: | ||
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A substantial part of nouns in Dundulanyä is derived from verbal roots, and these may have ablaut patterns throughout their declension as in the examples above, or the derivational suffix may require the root to be in a certain ablaut grade (which is then a fixed stem throughout the declension). However, as a general rule, the majority of nouns relating to flora, fauna, and many elements of the natural world are not formed from verbal roots and do not show ablaut. | A substantial part of nouns in Dundulanyä is derived from verbal roots, and these may have ablaut patterns throughout their declension as in the examples above, or the derivational suffix may require the root to be in a certain ablaut grade (which is then a fixed stem throughout the declension). However, as a general rule, the majority of nouns relating to flora, fauna, and many elements of the natural world are not formed from verbal roots and do not show ablaut. | ||
Dundulanyä roots belong to one out of nine classes (eight ablaut classes or non-ablauting): | Dundulanyä roots belong to one out of nine classes (eight ablaut classes or non-ablauting), called ''dhoptai'' (sg. ''dhopta''): | ||
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