@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
+'''Evonish''' (subject to constant renaming) is a constructed language (for a possible constructed world) mostly limited to my day dreaming and notebooks.  It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by (West) Germanic, (Insular) Celtic, and Russian. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and some [[a priori]] vocabulary.
-*to create a poetic, flowing language
-*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
+Imagine Germanic tribes such as the Anglo-Saxons and the eastern gathering together with Celts and sailing the Baltic Sea. They landed near modern day Saint Petersburg where they established their own nation-state, absorbing some northern Russian groups.
-*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
-''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''
 {{ClassMeter
 |Name       = Evonish
-|NativeName = Evoniš
+|NativeName = Evonic (?)
 |Type       = Fusional
 |Alignment  = Nominative-Accusative
@@ Line 13: / Line 11: @@
 |adjective  = final
 |adposition = mixed
-|adverb     = final
+|adverb     = mixed
 |article    = final
 |relativeclause = mixed
 |nounclause = final
-|order = SVO
+|order = V2
 |Tonal      = No
@@ Line 57: / Line 55: @@
 |Modality=
 |Words=}}
+==Objectives==
+*to create a poetic, flowing language
+*to preserve old Germanic grammar
+*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
+*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
 ==Phonology==
-Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
+Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone. Iotation may feature in the language for a form of inflection. Palatalization occurs in /sk/ consonant clusters rendering them /ʃ/.
 ===Consonants===
 Parenthesis indicate allophones.
@@ Line 73: / Line 79: @@
 ! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
+| style="text-align: center;"|m /m/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
+| style="text-align: center;"|n /n/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
+| style="text-align: center;"|ŋ /ŋ/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
+| style="text-align: center;"|p /p/ b /b/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
+| style="text-align: center;"|t /t/ d /d/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
+| style="text-align: center;"|k /k/ g /g/
-| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
+| style="text-align: center;"|
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
+| style="text-align: center;"|f /f/ v /v/
-| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
+| style="text-align: center;"|þ /θ/ ð /ð/
-| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
+| style="text-align: center;"|s /s/ z /z/
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
+| style="text-align: center;"|c /ʃ/ ʒ /ʒ/
-| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
+| style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
+| style="text-align: center;"|x /x/
+| style="text-align: center;"|h /h/
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
+| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|r /ɹ/
-| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
+| style="text-align: center;"|j /j/
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
+| style="text-align: center;"|q /ʍ/ w /w/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
@@ Line 118: / Line 124: @@
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
+| style="text-align: center;"|l /l/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
@@ Line 137: / Line 143: @@
 ! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
+| style="text-align: center;"|í /i/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
+| style="text-align: center;"|ú /u:/
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Close
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
+| style="text-align: center;"|i /ɪ/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
+| style="text-align: center;"|y /ʊ/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
+| style="text-align: center;"|é /e:/, /e˞ː/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
+| style="text-align: center;"|ó /o:/
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
+| style="text-align: center;"|e /ə/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
+| style="text-align: center;"|e /ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
+| style="text-align: center;"|u /ʌ/ '''·''' œ /ɔ/, or /ɔ˞ː/
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
+| style="text-align: center;"|æ /æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
@@ Line 183: / Line 189: @@
 | style="text-align: center;"|
 | style="text-align: center;"|
-| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
+| style="text-align: center;"|a /ɑ/, ar /ɑ˞/
 ! style="text-align: center; "|Open
 |}
 ==Writing==
-'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
+The writing system is based on a Latin alphabet, which represents the scope of the romance influence on the language. Additionally, the alphabet is greatly modified from the traditional Roman variant with a handful of relatively unique characters. The language may be written from right to left, so long as the capital letter at the beginning of the sentence is at the write, and the form is consistent throughout. The exact phonetic equivalents can be found in the tables above. A tailed z gradually developed to represent the zh sound, now represented by the character ʒ.
-===Alphabet===
-The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
+The thirty-two letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following bookstaves:
-*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
+*æ, a, b, c, d, ð, e, f, g, h i, j, k, l, m, n, ŋ, œ, o, p, q, r, s, t, þ, u, v, w, x, y, z, ʒ.
-The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
-===Diacritics===
+The archaic characters are ƕ(hwair) and ƿ(Wynn), which represent q and w respectively. The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.
-A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.
 ==Pronouns==
@@ Line 208: / Line 213: @@
 ! rowspan="4"|Singular
 !First
-|Ik
+|
-|Mek
+|
-|Meyn
+|
-|Mě
+|
 |-
 !Second
-|Ðǔ
+|
-|Ðek
+|
-|Ðeyn
+|
-|Ðě
+|
 |-
 !Common
-|Sey
+|
 |
 |
@@ Line 226: / Line 231: @@
 |-
 !Neuter
-|Hit
+|
-|Hin
+|
-|His
+|
-|Him
+|
 |-
 ! rowspan="3"|Plural
 !First
-|Wě
+|
-|Uns
+|
 |
 |
 |-
 !Second
-|Jě
+|
 |
 |
@@ Line 245: / Line 250: @@
 |-
 !Third
-|Hě
+|
-|Hen
+|
-|Her
+|
-|Hem
+|
 |-
 !Indefinite
 !Reflexive
 |
-|Sek
+|
-|Seyn
+|
-|Sě
+|
 |-
 ! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
@@ Line 287: / Line 292: @@
 ! rowspan="2"|Common
 !Singular
-| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
+| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Een
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
+| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
+| style="text-align: center; "|
 |-
 !Plural
 | style="text-align: center; "| -
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
+| style="text-align: center; "|
 |-
 ! rowspan="2"|Neuter
 !Singular
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Een
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
+| style="text-align: center; "|
 |-
 !Plural
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
+| style="text-align: center; "|
-| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
+| style="text-align: center; "|
 |-
 |}
 ==Table of Correlatives==
-Lorem Ipsum.
-==Quantifiers==
 Lorem Ipsum.
 ==Morphology==
-===Adjective===
+===Adjectives===
 Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
-===Noun===
+===Mutations===
-Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
+====Ablaut====
+In progress
+====Grammatischer Wechsel====
+The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
+Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+!Proto-Indo-European
+!Proto-Germanic
+!Old Norse
+!Old English
+!Old High German
+!Evonish
+|-
+!*p
+|*ɸ, β
+|f
+|f (v)
+|f, b
+|???
+|-
+|}
+====Umlaut====
+===Nouns===
+Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
 ====Strong====
 The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
@@ Line 363: / Line 389: @@
 ====Augmentative & Diminutive====
 Lots of Stuff here
-====Further forms====
-The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural
 ===Verb===
@@ Line 371: / Line 395: @@
 *Gnomic aspect
 Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
+====Copula====
+There will be both copular and semi-copular verbs. The copula is the most inflected and suppletive verb in the entire language.
+====Paradigms====
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
 |-
@@ Line 419: / Line 446: @@
 The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
-! colspan="3"|
+! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
 !
 |-
@@ Line 489: / Line 516: @@
 |-
 |}
 ==Syntax==
 ===Comparisons===
 Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
 *"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than <u>I ate pie</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
 *"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than <u>he ate me</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).
@@ Line 505: / Line 532: @@
 *Verb.
 Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
 ==Dictionary==
 {{Kinship
@@ Line 606: / Line 634: @@
 Lorem Ipsum.
 [[Category:Languages]]
-[[Category:Conlangs]]
+[[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:A posteriori]]
-[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
+[[Category:Germanic languages]]
 [[Category:Varevonic]]
+[[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Evonish: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 00:56, 9 January 2019