Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:57, 28 September 2016

Glommish/Old is the most recent common ancestor of Þiúdьsk and Ufirlandisg.


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental Alveolar Velar
Nasal m m n n
Stop
/Affricate
voiceless p p t t k c~k
voiced b b d d g ɟ~g
Fricative f f~v þ θ~ð s s~z h ç~x~h
Resonant w ʋ r r l l j j

All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in Glommish/Old but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.

  • -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr

Vowels

a ā e ē ъi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ь (e ē were probably very open, close to /æ æː/)

U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)

Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:

a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu

Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú

Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

a-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative wulfъ wulfa
Genitive wulfъs wulfa
Dative wulfъj wulfъmъ
Instrumental wulfa wulfъmь


a-stem: jukъ (m.) 'yoke'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative jukъ juka
Genitive jukъs juka
Dative jukъj jukъmъ
Instrumental juka jukъmь


ā-stem: gefa (f.) 'gift'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gefa gefar
Genitive gefar gefa
Dative gefaj gefamъ
Instrumental gefa gefamь


i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gastь gasti
Genitive gastьs gastьja
Dative gasti gastьmъ
Instrumental gasti gastьmь


i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative marь mari
Genitive marьs marьja
Dative mari marьmъ
Instrumental mari marьmь


u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative sunъ sunir
Genitive sunor sunьwa
Dative suni sunъmъ
Instrumental sunu sunъmь


C-stem: burg (f.) 'fortification'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative burg burgir
Genitive burgir burga
Dative burgi burgъmъ
Instrumental burgi burgъmь


an-stems: auga (m.) 'eye'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative auga augana
Genitive augьnь augъna
Dative augьnь augъmmъ
Instrumental augьne augъmmь

Verbs

leufan 'to love'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative leufa leufasь leufaþь leufamъ leufaþ leufanþь
present subjunctive leufa leufas leufa leufam leufaþ leufan
past indicative leufada leufader leufade leufadedъm leufadedъd leufadedъn
past subjunctive leufadedi leufadedir leufadedi leufadedim leufadedid leufadedin
imperative - leufa! - - leufaþ! -
present participle leufand
past participle leufad

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources