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Habyela: Difference between revisions
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These are conflated, so will be discussed together. | These are conflated, so will be discussed together. | ||
Habyela verbs do not inflect for tense at all, but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telicity Telicity] is very important. Marking of telicity is conflated with subject person / number agreement. Telic verbs take suffixes, and atelic vebs take either prefixes or circumfixes (depending on the person). There is also an irrealis mood that is used for suggestions, commands | Habyela verbs do not inflect for tense at all, but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telicity Telicity] is very important. Marking of telicity is conflated with subject person / number agreement. Telic verbs take suffixes, and atelic vebs take either prefixes or circumfixes (depending on the person). There is also an irrealis mood that is used for suggestions, commands, hypothetical situations, and whenever a verb is negated. In the irrealis mood, telicity is not marked, and some forms are identical to the atelic forms. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| 3rd person plural / nonhuman || ... -wɨ || ɫə̀- ... -wɨ || ɫə̀- ... -wɨ | | 3rd person plural / nonhuman || ... -wɨ || ɫə̀- ... -wɨ || ɫə̀- ... -wɨ | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Switch Reference=== | ===Switch Reference=== | ||
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/qənə̀bəɴ-qa ʔàɟʷɨnəɴ pʲatɕaɴʈa ɫə̀-nama-wɨ/ | /qənə̀bəɴ-qa ʔàɟʷɨnəɴ pʲatɕaɴʈa ɫə̀-nama-wɨ/ | ||
dog.PL-ERG men.PL back.3PS.PL.POSS ATEL- | dog.PL-ERG men.PL back.3PS.PL.POSS ATEL-sleep-3PS.NONHUMAN | ||
Dogs sleep more than men do. | Dogs sleep more than men do. | ||
==Demonstratives== | ==Demonstratives== | ||
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Note that -ça(ɴ) is the suffix for a predicate adjective. | Note that -ça(ɴ) is the suffix for a predicate adjective e.g. | ||
/ʔàtə qanʷə̀-ça/ | |||
night black-COP | |||
The night is black. | |||
-ça(ɴ) can also attach to a relational noun, to express location. Like English, Habyela conflates nominal and locational predication e.g. | |||
/qənə̀bə paɲɨ pʲəʈaɴʈa-ça/ | |||
dog water belly.3PS.NONHUM.POSS-COP.SG | |||
The dog is in the water. | |||
==Predicative Possession== | |||
Habyela has no verb corresponding to English "have". Where English speakers would say "A has B", Habyela speakers simply say "B is on A" (even if B is not technically "on" the object, Habyela speakers still use this construction) e.g. | |||
/qənə̀bə ʔàɟʷɨnəɴ pʲatɕaɴʈa-ça/ | |||
dog man.PL back.3PS.PL.POSS-COP.SG | |||
The men have a dog (literally "a dog is on the men") | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Afroasiatic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Habyela]] | |||