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Heleasic: Difference between revisions
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Apology, first sentence: | Apology, first sentence: | ||
:/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù | :/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/ | ||
:how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know | :how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES | ||
:''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...'' | :''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...'' | ||
:[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα] | :[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα] | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ) | |||
*Fricatives: s z sh h | |||
*Resonants: m n l r (w) | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
*1sg: | *1sg: γω ga | ||
*2sg: | *2sg: συ sy | ||
*3sg: | *3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho | ||
*4: | *4: κειν kheen | ||
*1pl: | *1pl: μεις mees | ||
*2pl: | *2pl: σεις sees | ||
*3pl: | *3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter) | ||
low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic | low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic | ||
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Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)' | Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)' | ||
NOM: ἄνθρωπος > | NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì | ||
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > | OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n | ||
*nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta | |||
*obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N) | |||
====Possessive suffixes==== | ====Possessive suffixes==== | ||
1sg: ''-( | 1sg: ''-(e)m'' | ||
2sg: ''-( | 2sg: ''-(e)s'' | ||
3sg: ''-( | 3sg: ''-(e)t'' | ||
1pl: ''- | 1pl: ''-men'' | ||
2pl: ''- | 2pl: ''-sen'' | ||
3pl: ''- | 3pl: ''-ten'' | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs | Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative | ||
Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το. | |||
*'to instruct': ''phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów!'' /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/ | |||
**'to be instructed': ''phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet!'' /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/ | |||
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]] | [[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]] | ||