Hetomic

Classical Hetomic /hɛˈtʌmɪk/ or Boot Polish is a classical language of Rulak, notable for having the first complete written grammar in Rulakian history. Its modern revived form is Reboot Polish. Phylogenetically it is a descendant of Tsimulh, like Chrome Finish spoken in Eastern Hetom.

Phonology

Orthography

pʰ p b tʰ t d tsʰ ts dz = ⟨p p’ b t t’ d ts ts’ dz⟩

tɕʰ tɕ dʑ tʂʰ tʂ dʐ kʰ k g = ⟨tx tx’ dj tsh tsh’ dzh k k’ g⟩

f v s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ h = ⟨f v s z x j sh zh ch gh ħ⟩

m n ɳ ŋ l ɻ w j = ⟨m n nh ŋ l r w y⟩

i ɪ ɛ æ ʏ ø ɨ ə u ʊ o ɔ ɑ = ⟨î i e ä ü ö õ ə û u ô o a⟩

Consonants

Consonant phonemes in Hetomic

		Labial	Dental	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	tenuis	p	t			k
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ
	voiced	b	d			g
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ʂ	ɕ	x	h
	voiced	v	z	ʐ	ʑ	ɣ
Affricate	tenuis		ts	tʂ	tɕ
	aspirated		tsʰ	tʂʰ	tɕʰ
	voiced		dz	dʐ	dʑ
Approximant			l	ɻ	j	w

Vowels

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i			u
Near-close	ɪ	ʏ	ɨ	ʊ
Mid		ø	ə	o
Open-mid	ɛ			ɔ
Open	æ			ɑ
Diphthongs	ɛj əj øj ɛw əw øw

Morphology

Verbal aspects and voices

perfective, progressive, inchoative, gnomic, momentane, frequentative

passive, causative, reflexive

Syntax

Almost completely head-initial

No wh-movement

Verbs used as case markers

Lexicon

dji = general interrogative

helin = water

helints = my water, helinf = your water, helintsd = our water, helintsp = our water (inclusive), helinfd = your water (pl.)

li = past tense prefix

xä = future tense prefix

numbers: øtsæn, kʰɪɕʊ, ʊpʰl, ʈʂʰɪsɪ, ʏmdz, pʰɪtsʰʊ, bɪm, pdɪ, dzɔtɕu, xɨɹʊ, ɛmis, ɔʈʂɛx <- awc̓ān kiłu ukʷəl craysi uymədᶻ kʷicū əƞgʷim k̓ʷədi dᶻaƞƛ̓ū xīƞru amīs aƞc̓rax (1 to 12)