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'''Hirathic''' (''hirathis'' [[χiˈɾaθis]]] or ''vepos hirathōn'' [[ˈvɛpɔs ˈχiˈɾaθɔːn]]]) is the name of the [[w:Indo-European language|Indo-European language]] spoken in antiquity around the Mediterranean basin. A [[w:Centum language|centum]] language, it is believed by some to be closely related to Greek, by some to Armenian and by yet others to Albanian. | |||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Hirathic | |name = Hirathic | ||
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Other names for the language include ''hirathōn'' 'of the high ones', ''vepos'' 'speech', a combination of both (as seen in the Smyrna cave inscription '''ϜΕΠΟΣΧΙ(Ρ)ΑΘ(Ω)Ν'''), ''vepos nim'' 'our speech'. | Other names for the language include ''hirathōn'' 'of the high ones', ''vepos'' 'speech', a combination of both (as seen in the Smyrna cave inscription '''ϜΕΠΟΣΧΙ(Ρ)ΑΘ(Ω)Ν'''), ''vepos nim'' 'our speech'. | ||
== | ==Notes on transcription== | ||
Hirathic is | Transcribing Hirathic to the Latin alphabet is usually straightforward as Hirathic uses an older variant of the Greek alphabet. The only problem to this is the treatment of Χ, χ. | ||
The most common way to write this sound /χ/ is <h> (e.g., Hirathic), though an older method, using <kh>, is still encountered in some publications (cf. the common use of 'ph', 'th' for letters φ and θ respectively.) Some incorrectly use <x> because of its graphical similarity, <x> represents the consonant cluster /ks/ in all widespread systems. | |||
* Ϝ, ϝ is transcribed as <v> and not <w>. | |||
* ύ is transcribed as <ū> or <y> depending on author preference except where it stands for an accented /u/ where it is written <ú> | |||
* φ, θ; <ph>, <th> | |||
* the long vowels η ω are transcribed as <ē>, <ō> | |||
==Features== | ==Features== | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
TODO | TODO | ||
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A specific subset of the lexicon contains a substantial amount of loanwords from an unidentified substrate language, primarily in marine, religious and warfare contexts. This language has been called the [[Hirathic/Substrate|Hirathic substrate language]]. | A specific subset of the lexicon contains a substantial amount of loanwords from an unidentified substrate language, primarily in marine, religious and warfare contexts. This language has been called the [[Hirathic/Substrate|Hirathic substrate language]]. | ||
Some examples | Some examples: | ||
: {{c|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning. | : {{c|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning. | ||
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==Language sample== | ==Language sample== | ||
Hymn to Vukhodava, | Hymn to Vukhodava (local deity), | ||
:Hirathic (Greek): '''θη θανες εθι τυ φρατηρ η ϝατε ϝυναχωι δε θυγον ορεχων''' | :Hirathic (Greek): '''θη θανες εθι τυ φρατηρ η ϝατε ϝυναχωι δε θυγον ορεχων''' | ||
:Hirathic: ''thē thānes ethi tu phratēr ē vāte vunakhōi de thugon orekhōn'' | :Hirathic: ''thē thānes ethi tu phratēr ē vāte vunakhōi de thugon orekhōn'' | ||