Hlou-Shum languages: Difference between revisions

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Hlou-Shum languages (view source)

Revision as of 15:28, 31 December 2021

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→‎Initials: why not have breathy voiced stops if there are other breathy voiced consonants
m (→‎Initials: why not have breathy voiced stops if there are other breathy voiced consonants)
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[[Hlou-Shum languages/Lexicon]]
[[Hlou-Shum languages/Lexicon]]


The '''Hlou-Shum languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''bo brits Lloo-Xwm''; [[Hlou]]: ''Ntzog Ntzog Schlaub-Xön''; [[Ko]]: ''lees yoo ndoigh Hloodh-Xoo'') are a small family of languages native to [[Verse:Tricin/Bjeheond]]. Most modern Hlou-Shum languages are tonal. The proto-language, '''Proto-Hlou-Shum''' (PHS), is about 2500 years old. The family is based on the idea of recasting IE languages as Hmong-like languages. Hlou-Shum languages had much more importance in the past, but today [[Windermere]] is more dominant in Bjeheond.
'''Hlou-Shum''' ([[Hlou]]: ''Ntzog Ntzog Schlaub-Xön''; [[Ko]]: ''lees yoo ndoigh Hloodh-Xoo'') is a placeholder name for a language family that includes [[Hlou]]. Most modern Hlou-Shum languages are tonal. The proto-language, '''Proto-Hlou-Shum''' (PHS), is about 2500 years old. The family is based on the idea of recasting IE languages as Hmong-like languages.
TODO: actually look at OC more
 
==Family tree==
==Family tree==
*Proto-Hlou-Shum (PIE- and Old Chinese-inspired)
*Proto-Hlou-Shum
**[[Hlou]] (''Ntzog Schlaub'')
**[[Hlou]] (''Ntzog Schlaub'')
**[[Shum]] (''llhau syuun'')
**Shumic
**[[Ko]] (''lees ndoigh Komh'') <!-- "murder of crows" -->
***[[Shum]] (''lhàu śúṃ'')
**[[Ko]] (''lees ndoigh Komh'')
**[[Tlu]] (χμῶ Τλὣ)
**[[Liai]] (''hmỳ Liaĩ'')
**[[Clooa]] (''Mois de la Crouet'')
**[[Clooa]] (''Mois de la Crouet'')
**[[Liai]] (''hmyg Liaid'')
**[[Tlu]] (χμωωβ Τλωδ)
**[[Vreed]]


===Timeline===
===Timeline===
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==Writing system==
==Writing system==
Proto-Hlou-Shum was written with a system of logographs. Hlou, Ku and Shumian developed the logographs separately into their own writing systems.
Proto-Hlou-Shum was written with a system of logographs. Hlou, Ko and Shumian developed the logographs separately into their own writing systems.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
The following presents [[Verse:Tricin/Schlomo Schngellstein|Schlomo Schngellstein]]'s reconstruction of Proto-Hlou-Shum.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
A Proto-Hlou-Shum word had the structure
A Proto-Hlou-Shum word had the structure


(preinitial) + (C)C(r/l)V(C)(C) +
(preinitial) + (C)C(r/l)V(C)(C) <sup>tone</sup>.
(postfinal) <sup>tone</sup>.


Preinitials were unstressed derivational prefixes.
Preinitials were unstressed derivational prefixes.


===Initials===
===Initials===
*p t tz ts tx ḱ k kw ʔ
*p t tθ ts tx ḱ k kw ʔ
*ph th tzh tsh txh ḱh kh kwh
*bh dh dθh dsh dxh ģh gh gwh
*b d dz ds dx ǵ g gw
*b d dθ ds dx ǵ g gw
*bh dh dzh dsh dxh ǵh gh gwh
*f θ s x h
*f z s x h
*F Θ S X H = voiced/breathy f θ s x h
*F Z S X H = voiced/breathy f z s x h
*m n ń ŋ y r l w
*m n ń y r l w
*M N Ń Ŋ Y R L W = breathy counterparts


s-series > ɬ-series in some descendants
θ-series > ɬ-series in some descendants


Ku and Clooa gain uvulars through velars + r/l.
Ko and Clooa gain uvulars through velars + r/l.


===Nuclei===
===Nuclei===
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*-m -n -l -w -y
*-m -n -l -w -y
*-ʔ -s
*-ʔ -s
*plosive + s or ʔ
*nasal + s or ʔ
*nasal + s
*plosive + s


===Tones===
===Tones===
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*r- preinitial
*r- preinitial
**lenition/retroflexion in Hlou
**lenition/retroflexion in Hlou
*D- preinitial  
*θ- preinitial  
**changes some consonants in Shum
**changes some consonants in Shum
**maybe it's the same as the r-preinitial
**maybe it's the same as the r-preinitial


==Reflexes==
==Reflexes==
===Initials===
=== Hlou ===
====Hlou====
==== Initials ====
Initial clusters (not every cluster may be allowed)
Initial clusters (not every cluster may be allowed)
*ḱ ǵ ś > tx dx x
*ḱ ǵ ś > tx dx x
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-k > glottal stop final
-k > glottal stop final
==== Tones ====
Tone split from voiceless initial/voiced initial?
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! Tone class
! Voiceless initial (5/8)
! Voiced initial (3/8)
|-
! A (10/27)
| ''-b'' (23%)
| ''-0'' (14%)
|-
! B (5/27)
| ''-n'' (12%)
| ''-s'' (6.9%)
|-
! C (5/27)
| ''-s'' (12%)
| ''-g'' (6.9%)
|-
! D (4/27)
| ''-ß'' (9.3%)
| ''-d'' (5.6%)
|-
! E (3/27)
| ''-hn'' (6.9%)
| ''-h'' (4.2%)
|}


====Shum====
Among non-E syllables the distribution is:
 
b (23%) > s (19%) > 0 (14%) > n (12%) >  ß (9.3%) > g (6.9%) > d (5.6%)
 
===Shum===
s- triggers tone split
s- triggers tone split


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*gw > v > vh in shum
*gw > v > vh in shum
*w > w > v in shum
*w > w > v in shum
===Ko===
===Rimes===
===Tones===
====Hlou====
Tone split from voiceless initial/voiced initial?
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! Tone class
! Voiceless initial (5/8)
! Voiced initial (3/8)
|-
! A (8/21)
| ''-b'' (20.8%)
| ''-0'' (12.5%)
|-
! B (4/21)
| ''-n'' (10.4%)
| ''-s'' (6.3%)
|-
! C (4/21)
| ''-s'' (10.4%)
| ''-g'' (6.3%)
|-
! D (3/21)
| ''-ß'' (7.8%)
| ''-d'' (4.7%)
|-
! E (3/21)
| ''-hn'' (7.8%)
| ''-h'' (4.7%)
|}
Among non-E syllables:
b (20.8%) > s (16.7%) > 0 (12.5%) > n (10.4%) >  ß (7.8%) > g (6.3%) > d (4.7%)


==Sample==
==Sample==
'''ʔouh ʔak zamB-zamB'''
'''ʔouh ʔak zamp-zamp'''


The Sheep and the Horses
The Sheep and the Horses
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Language families]]
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Language families]]
IlL
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