Idavic languages

Revision as of 22:43, 20 July 2022 by IlL (talk | contribs) (→‎Verbs)
Idavic languages/Lexicon
Idavic languages/Swadesh
Idavic
Created by
Geographic
distribution
Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classificationOne of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-languageProto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic or Idavo-Etalocian is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin.

Inspiration: Semitic, IE

Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical Netagin. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.

Family tree

  • Idavic
    • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Siro
    • Ouřefr (Czech + Dutch)
    • Eodlan (Skolt Sami and Old English inspired)
    • Pategic
      • Dodellic
      • sth with Sanskrit stops (but vowels shouldn't be Sanskrit-y; a bit more like Lithuanian?)
      • Pategian
      • some labialless language
      • Shalaian

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Idavic had about 26 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.

Labial Front coronal Back coronal Front velar Back velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪~n̠/ ŋ /ɲ~ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t̪/ ť /t̠/ /k̟/ k /k̠/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d̪/ ď /d̠/ ǵ /g̟/ g /g̠/
Fricative s /s̟/ š /s̠/ /x̟/ x /x̠/ h /h/
Affricate c /t̪s̟/ č /t̠s̠/
Resonant w /w/ l /l̪/ r /r/, ľ /ɺ/ y /j/

s c were lamino-dental, and š č were retracted apico-alveolar.

Vowels

Proto-Idavic had a vowel system similar to that of Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Netagin vowels
Front Back
short long short long
Close i /ɪ/ ī /i:/ u /ʊ/ ū /u:/
Open e /æ/ ē /æ:/ a /ɑ/ ā /ɑ:/

Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew

Suprasegmentals

  • Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (ã)
    • Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian, gemination in Netagin and Khmerization in Eodlan.

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

active vs stative verbs turns into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin, but turns into tense in other Idavic languages

Pronouns

1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Independent wēlu wēbu - wēći wēnīʔi -
Emphatic hanlī hanbā (demonstratives) hanćā hannīʔi (demonstratives)
Alienable le- be- ʔin- će- neśe- ʔeśe-
Inalienable -alu -abu -ćā -nīʔi -ūśu

Nouns

decl. A decl. B decl. C decl. D
singular plural singular plural singular plural singular plural
Absolute state lēti lētāla ʔisteleḱi ʔistelahaḱi yāḱi ŋiyāḱi -in -ijē
Construct state lēta- lētā- ʔisteleḱa- ʔistelahaḱa- yāḱe- ŋiyāḱe- - -

Verbs

Stem Intransitive Transitive Applicative Transgressive Verbal noun
a-stem *1i2a3 *-(e)12a3 *-1in2a3 *1a2ā3 *1a2ī3i, *1e2ī3i
u-stem *1a2u3 *-12u3 *-1in2u3 *ʔa1u2ā3 *12u3eḱi
ʔ-prefix stem *ʔa12u3 *-ʔa12e3 *-ʔi1en2i3 *ʔa12ā3 *ʔa12ē3i
ŋ-prefix stem *ŋa12u3 *-ud1u2e3 *-ŋ1in2i3 *ŋa12ā3 *12ū3eḱi
š-infix stem *1aš2u3 *-u1aš2e3 *-1išin2o3 *1aš2ā3 *1aš2ē3i
geminate stem *1ã2u3 *-u1ã2e3 *-1ĩn2i3 *1ã2ā3 *te1ã2e3i
2-redup *qi21a2u3 *-i21a2e3 *-21in2u3 *21a2ā3 *21a23eḱi
3-redup *1i2a3u3 *-i12a3e3 *-1in2i3u3 *1a2a3ā3 *12a3ē3i
13-redup *1i31a2u3 *-i1i31a2e3 *-1i31in2u3 *1i31a2ā3 *1i31a2ē3

Syntax

Proto-Idavic was rigidly head-initial with a morphosyntax similar to Lushootseed or Austronesian. Most present-day Idavic languages (except Netagin) are less head-initial.