Is Burunking: Difference between revisions

Is Burunking (view source)

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→‎Demonstrative

Psammead

801

edits

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 Possessives may be formed with the particle ''eng'', e.g. ''ni eng yata'' "my father", ''xini eng eshe'' "its house".
-====Demonstrative====
+====Reflexive====
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
+The reflexive pronoun ''bera'' is used as the direct or indirect object of a verb, referring the action back to the subject. The pronoun doesn't change for person or number and simply fills the relevant object slot of the sentence, e.g. ''az ba bera ke bigiipush fong'' "he saw himself", ''ni eng asho ba bera ni inua da'' "my grandma talks to herself". It is usually only used with animate subjects.
-! style="width: 150px; "| this
-| style="width: 150px; "|  ''waz''
+====Demonstratives====
+There are three series of demonstratives expressing three degrees of proximity:
+* ''ong'' "this" denotes objects close to the speaker
+* ''uri'' "that" (proximal) denotes objects close to the hearer
+* ''ang'' "that" (distal) denotes objects at a distance or abstract
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! colspan="2;"  |  !! this <br/> ''ong'' !! that (prox.) <br/> ''uri'' !! that (dist.) <br/> ''ang''
+|-
+! colspan="2;" | Object (inan.)
+| ''ong'' <br/> this || ''uri'' <br/> that || ''ang'' <br/> that yonder
+|-
+! rowspan="3;" | person || m
+| ''azong'' <br/> that man || ''azuri'' <br/> that man || ''azang'' <br/> that man yonder
+|-
+! f.
+| ''buyong'' <br/> this woman || ''buyuri'' <br/> that woman  || ''buyang'' <br/> that woman yonder
+|-
+! c.
+| ''xinyong'' <br/> this ''xini'' || ''xinyuri'' <br/> that ''xini'' || ''xinyang'' <br/> that ''xini'' yonder
+|-
+! colspan="2;"  | Place
+| ''ukyong'' <br/> here || ''ukyuri'' <br/> there || ''ukyang'' <br/> yonder
 |-
-! style="width: 150px; "| that (non-distal)
+! colspan="2;"  | Way
-| style="width: 150px; "|  ''uri''
+| ''bideung'' <br/> this way || ''bideuri'' <br/> that way || ''bideeng'' <br/> that way yonder
 |-
-! style="width: 150px; "| that (distal)
+! colspan="2;"  | Time
-| style="width: 150px; "| ''az''
+| ''eujong'' <br/> now || ''eujuri'' <br/> then (recent) || ''eujang'' <br/> then (distant)
 |}
+These forms are all really pronouns, but they may perform adjectival or adverbial functions. The simple forms ''ong, uri, ang'' are used as adjectives following a noun, e.g. ''eshe uri'' "that house". As pronouns, these are used with inanimate objects and the 'person' forms are used with animates, agreeing in gender with the (natural) gender of the object, e.g. ''ang ba ni eng eshe da'' "that is my house", ''azong ba buya eng yata da'' "this (man) is her father".
-The demonstratives may be used attributively following the noun, e.g. ''az waz'' 'this man', ''xagaz uri'' 'that apple', ''binji az'' 'that mountain'. With ''uki'' they form the equivalent adverbs of place: ''uki waz'' 'here', ''uki uri'' 'there', ''uki az'' 'there (distal)'.
+The 'place', 'way' and 'time' forms function as adverbs when they take the appropriate case particle, e.g. ''andosh ba ukyong a etozi heng'' "the king came here", ''eujong gang ni ba yus zu'' "I am leaving now".
 ====Interrogative====