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===Postpositions=== | ===Postpositions=== | ||
Spatial relations are largely expressed by means of the case particles, but additional senses can be expressed by nominal elements in combination with the gentive ''eng'' and the locative ''gang''. A concise list of forms expressing spatial relations is given below. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3;" | Simple Particles | |||
|- | |||
| ''a'' || to, towards, up to || ''buya ba ibya a ewangi heng'' "the woman went to the river" | |||
|- | |||
| ''chi'' || from, of, off, through || ''ni eng asho binji chi ewashi heng'' "my grandmother came down from the mountain" | |||
|- | |||
| ''gang'' || in, on, at || ''arato ba jibang gang da'' "the food is on the floor" | |||
|- | |||
| ''ha'' || with, by || ''eba byo aneeto ha'' "cut it with a knife!" | |||
|- | |||
| ''heez'' || across, over, beyond || | |||
|- | |||
| ''ni'' || to (recipient), for (purpose, intent) || | |||
|- | |||
| ''ta'' || with (comitative) || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3;" | Compounds with ''eng ... gang'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''auda'' || beside, by || | |||
|- | |||
| ''bee'' || under, below, beneath || | |||
|- | |||
| ''beekaz'' || behind, at the back of, after || | |||
|- | |||
| ''bozu'' || inside || | |||
|- | |||
| ''geeng'' || outside || | |||
|- | |||
| ''gyang'' || on top of, on || | |||
|- | |||
| ''iriji'' || in the middle of, inside || | |||
|- | |||
| ''waz'' || in front of, before || | |||
|} | |||
===Derivation=== | ===Derivation=== | ||
Derivation is carried out using a number of suffixes and independent particles, and by compounding. | Derivation is carried out using a number of suffixes and independent particles, and by compounding. |
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