Kṽarna: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "= Kṽarna = {{Infobox language |name = Kwarna |nativename = Kṽarna |pronunciation = [kʍarnɐ] |fam1 = Language isolate |script = Latin script with additions |notice = IPA...")
 
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{| class="wikitable"
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|ŋ
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|t d
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|ɟ
|k g
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|Affricative
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|tʃ dʒ
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|f v
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|θ ð
|s z
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|ʃ
|ʃ ʒ
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|ʝ ç
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|ʁ χ
|h
|h
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|Approximant
|Approximant
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|(ʋ)
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|j
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== Ortography ==
== Ortography ==
Kõraakii uses the English alphabet, but with a few extra letters added and a few removed. <br/>
Kwarna uses the Latin alphabet with a couple of extensions
a ã ä b c d e f g h i j k l m n o õ ő p r s t u ũ ű ů v w (y) z<br/>
The double letters in words (e.g tuuka) are used to indicate a long vowel, and a double consonant usually represents a short vowel (e.g hitta). Some of the special letters
have their own short or long version.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Long !! Short !! Pronunciation
|-
| Õ || Ő || [ø:]; [œ]
|-
| Ũ || Ű || [y:]; [ʏ]
|}
 
== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==


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|-
|-
|I
|I
|Ikka [ɪka]
|Ẽo
|-
|-
|You
|You
|Tuuka [tu:ka]
|Laña
|-
|-
|He
|He
|Hitta [hɪta]
|Prasna
|-
|-
|She
|She
|Siika [si:ka]
|Krasna
|-
|-
|It
|It
|Ässa [ɛsa]
|Rasna
|-
|One
|Mäka [mɛ:ka]
|-
|-
|We
|We
|Vűkka [vʏka]
|Ẽoler
|-
|-
|You (pl.)
|You (pl.)
|nůkka [nɔʏka]
|Lañaler
|-
|-
|They
|They
|täika [tɛika]
|Prasnaler, krasnaler, rasnaler
|}
|}


To indicate posession, the suffix -sse is added
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Kõraakii
|-
|Mine
|Ikkasse
|-
|Your
|Tuukasse
|-
|His
|Hittasse
|-
|Her
|Siikasse
|-
|Its
|Ässasse
|-
|Ones
|Mäkasse
|-
|Our
|Vűkkasse
|-
|Your (pl.)
|nůkkasse
|-
|Their
|täikasse
|}


=== Articles ===
=== Articles ===
There are, technically, no articles in Kõraakii. There is an ending for "the" and an ending for "a". If you want to, for example, say "a cool house", then you write "kuusinon kuulikki" (a house cool), or "the cool language" is "taalinũn kuulikki" (the language cool). And these endings are the same for every word. If you want to have a plural "the", then you simply use the plural form of a noun (by adding -neen) and add (n)ũn. An example, "the languages" would be "taalineenũn".
There are no articles in Kwarna. The accusative suffix "-juva" can be used to indicate that you are talking about a specific item


=== Conjugation ===
=== Conjugation ===
There is no conjungation, that means, if there is a verb, you do not change it for any person. Let's take the word wõri [wø:ri] (to be). If you want to say "You are", you write "Tuuka wõri" [Tu:ka wø:ri] and so on. To indicate past and future, prefixes are added. These are cã- for past and ců- for future. An example: "Ikka cãgjőrikka" [ɪka t͡sæ'gjoerika] = I did.
Presens Conjugation
ŧağa → to be
-ğa is the stem of the verb. If the pronouns starts with a vowel (e.g. Ẽo), then the "ğ" stays. For any other case, the "ğa" is removed completly, and the pronoun is added to the remaining verb
 
ŧağa → ŧa(ğ) → ŧağẽo (I am) → ŧalaña (you are)
 
Past Conjugation
The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "gu"
 
ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧagu (past stem)
ŧagṽẽo (I was)
ŧagulaña (you were)
 
 
Future Conjugation
The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "la"
 
ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧala (future stem)
ŧalağẽo (I will be)
ŧalalaña (you will be)
 


=== Negation ===
=== Negation ===

Revision as of 16:33, 12 December 2015

Kṽarna

Kwarna
Kṽarna
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|kʍarnɐ]]
Created byMarvin Johanning
Date2015
SettingUsed for official documents of the Institute for Jeïos, personal use
Language isolate
  • Kwarna
Official status
Regulated byInstitute for Jeïos
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

History

Phonology

All vowels can be long. The vowels in paratheses are borrowed from other languages and are not native

Front Central Back
Close i (y) u
Mid e (ø) ɛ ə ɔ o
Open a ɐ


Bilibial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive p b t d ɟ k g ʔ
Affricative t͡s tʃ dʒ
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʝ ç ʁ χ h
Approximant (ʋ) j w ʍ
Trill r r̥
Lateral fric. ɬ
Lateral app. l
Flap ɾ


Ortography

Kwarna uses the Latin alphabet with a couple of extensions

Grammar

Pronouns

English Kõraakii
I Ẽo
You Laña
He Prasna
She Krasna
It Rasna
We Ẽoler
You (pl.) Lañaler
They Prasnaler, krasnaler, rasnaler


Articles

There are no articles in Kwarna. The accusative suffix "-juva" can be used to indicate that you are talking about a specific item

Conjugation

Presens Conjugation ŧağa → to be -ğa is the stem of the verb. If the pronouns starts with a vowel (e.g. Ẽo), then the "ğ" stays. For any other case, the "ğa" is removed completly, and the pronoun is added to the remaining verb

ŧağa → ŧa(ğ) → ŧağẽo (I am) → ŧalaña (you are)

Past Conjugation The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "gu"

ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧagu (past stem) ŧagṽẽo (I was) ŧagulaña (you were)


Future Conjugation The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "la"

ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧala (future stem) ŧalağẽo (I will be) ŧalalaña (you will be)


Negation

To negate a sentence, the prefix nää- is added to the verb. An example: "Ikka nää-wõri" [ɪka nɛ:'wø:ri]= I am not.

Questions

To indicate a question, the word order is changed (like in English) and the suffix -zõ is added onto the verb. An example: Ikka wõri = I am
Wõrizõ ikka? [wø:ri'zø: ɪka] = Am I?

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