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Kandi: Difference between revisions
→Intransitive clauses
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===Intransitive clauses=== | ===Intransitive clauses=== | ||
When you accept that two content words in a predicative expression co-function as predicate and subject, it is not difficult to imagine other clauses with one core argument. The simplest are the corresponding English intransitive clauses. Tsan makes an important dichotomy between stative and dynamic content words. | When you accept that two content words in a predicative expression co-function as predicate and subject, it is not difficult to imagine other clauses with one core argument. The simplest are the corresponding English intransitive clauses. Tsan makes an important dichotomy between stative and dynamic content words. | ||
====Stative clauses==== | |||
Stative predicates, such as ''to hang'', ''to lie'', ''to be on fire'', ''to taste like'' and ''to know'' are almost exclusively expressed by means of the copula suffix. See also [[Tsan#Predicative complements|]], which is an equivalent interpretation. | |||
{{Scriptgloss/indexable | {{Scriptgloss/indexable | ||
|script = | |script = | ||
|phrase = tátshuyi kákawiá | |phrase = tátshuyi kákawiá | ||
|IPA = [ˈta:t͡ɕʊʝi ka:ˈk͡xaɰʷia:] | |IPA = [ˈta:t͡ɕʊʝi ka:ˈk͡xaɰʷia:] | ||
| morphemes = tátshuy-∅-i | | morphemes = tátshuy-∅-i kákawi-á | ||
| gloss = guard.N-3SG.PROX.HO-SPEC fire.N-3SG.OBV.HO | | gloss = guard.N-3SG.PROX.HO-SPEC fire.N-3SG.OBV.HO | ||
| translation = The guard is burning [up]. | | translation = The guard is burning [up]. | ||
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| translation = I am not sure I know. | | translation = I am not sure I know. | ||
| index = 3.12 | | index = 3.12 | ||
}} | |||
Dynamic predicatives on the other hand, including '' to run'', ''to lay'', ''to put on fire'', ''to savour'', and ''to learn'', are formed with a conjugating dynamic prefix, acting in the same manner as the copula. | |||
{{Scriptgloss/indexable | |||
|script = | |||
|phrase = tátshuyi yáakákawi | |||
|IPA = [ˈta:t͡ɕʊʝi ʝa:ka:ˈk͡xaɰʷi] | |||
| morphemes = tátshuy-∅-i yáa-kákawi | |||
| gloss = guard.N-3SG.PROX.HO-SPEC DYN.3SG.OBV.HO-fire.N | |||
| translation = The guard is burning [something]. | |||
| index = 3.13 | |||
}}{{Scriptgloss/indexable | |||
|script = | |||
|phrase = wiyaténdatshi... | |||
|IPA = [tə̃ːtʼaˈt͡ɕiɰʷiː] | |||
| morphemes = wiya-ténda-tshi | |||
| gloss = DYN.1SG.HE-knowing.N-DUB | |||
| translation = I am not sure I learn [anything]. | |||
| index = 3.14 | |||
}} | }} | ||