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Kandi: Difference between revisions
→Predicative complements
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| index = 3 | | index = 3 | ||
}} | }} | ||
=====Grammatical gender===== | |||
Tsan has a peculiar system of grammatical gender. The genders are purely natural: Women are feminine {{sc|f}}, men and males are masculine {{sc|m}}, and everything else is neuter {{sc|n}}. | |||
Do note, however, that the grammatical gender is not marked. Rather, there is a form of ''dual marking''. The gender of the subject of a content word is marked as either the "same" or "different" to that of the speaker. If the subject gender is the same as that of the speaker, it is marked as the ''same'' {{sc|sam}}, whereas if the subject gender is different to that of the speaker, it is marked as "different" {{sc|diff}}. | |||
It is standard to assume a {{blue|male}} speaker in stories. A male speaker is assumed in all examples on the page unless otherwise stated. | |||
{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = katsa | |||
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa] | |||
| morphemes = katsa-{{red|∅}} | |||
| gloss = songbird.N-3SG.{{red|SAM}} | |||
| translation = It is a songbird. | |||
| index = 11 | |||
}}{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = agúri{{blue|y}} | |||
|IPA = [akʼuβ̞ʀiʝ] | |||
| morphemes = agúri-{{blue|y}} | |||
| gloss = boy.M-3SG.{{blue|SAM}} | |||
| translation = It is a boy. | |||
| index = 12 | |||
}}{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = tshanuk{{blue|á}}n | |||
|IPA = [t͡ɕɑ̃ʔukaŋ] | |||
| morphemes = tshanu-k-{{blue|á}}-n | |||
| gloss = boy.M-3-{{blue|SAM}}-PL | |||
| translation = They are horses. | |||
| index = 13 | |||
}} | |||
The system is sometimes more versatile than the English grammatical gender. In the last example (13), we are able to deduce that "they" are males, since they are the same gender as the speaker. | |||
====Predicative nominatives==== | ====Predicative nominatives==== | ||
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| index = 2.10 | | index = 2.10 | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Intransitive clauses=== | ===Intransitive clauses=== | ||
When you accept that two content words in a predicative expression co-function as predicate and subject, it is not difficult to imagine other clauses with one core argument. The simplest are the corresponding English intransitive clauses. Tsan makes an important dichotomy between stative and dynamic content words. | When you accept that two content words in a predicative expression co-function as predicate and subject, it is not difficult to imagine other clauses with one core argument. The simplest are the corresponding English intransitive clauses. Tsan makes an important dichotomy between stative and dynamic content words. | ||