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'''Kandi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kándi tsúyi'' or ''tsani tsúyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people in Western Africa. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Tsani is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s. Phonologically it exhibits [[w:ejective consonants|ejective consonants]], which are also realised as voiced stops in some dialects. | '''Kandi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kándi tsúyi'' or ''tsani tsúyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people in Western Africa. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Tsani is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s. Phonologically it exhibits [[w:ejective consonants|ejective consonants]], which are also realised as voiced stops in some dialects. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
The | The Kandi inventory has been documented and assessed repeatedly since the 19<sup>th</sup> century, the foremost people in the field being the Belgian linguist Émile d'Ivoire and the Scottish linguist John Glenn Crossing, an expert on Jivan languages. This page uses a standard notation where C is a consonant, N a nasal consonant, and V is a vowel. Features are indicated by square brackets [ ] and plus or minus signs, ±. | ||
===Phonemic inventory of vowels and consonants=== | ===Phonemic inventory of vowels and consonants=== | ||
The following is a Tsani inventory of consonants, according to Émile d'Ivoire, a model nowadays serving as standard when analysing the language. Émile analyses the Tsani inventory as unusual in that it has [[w:ejective consonants|ejective consonants]], as well as an ill-defined [[w:dorsal consonants|dorsal consonant]]. The consonantal phonology is fairly symmetrical. | The following is a Tsani inventory of consonants, according to Émile d'Ivoire, a model nowadays serving as standard when analysing the language. Émile analyses the Tsani inventory as unusual in that it has [[w:ejective consonants|ejective consonants]], as well as an ill-defined [[w:dorsal consonants|dorsal consonant]]. The consonantal phonology is fairly symmetrical. | ||