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Asaari
Tsán asáari, Asáari

Pronunciation	[/t͡sán at͡sá͜ɑɣɪ/]
Created by	–
Native to	United States of America
Native speakers	21,020 (2012)
Language family	Tanisi Tsan Asaari
Early form	Proto-Tanisi
Dialects	Asaari proper Virginian Asaari Carolinian Asaari
Official status
Regulated by	Tsárapi áyasáari
Language codes
ISO 639-1	`as`
ISO 639-2	`aas`
ISO 639-3	`aas`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tsán asáari, ꔌꖟꔷ ꕉꕦꔹꗏ , or simply Asáari, ꕉꕦꔹꗏ, or Asaari /at͡sá͜ɑɣɪ/ is a language spoken in the eastern United States of America. It is not known to be related to any extant language and is thus a language isolate. The name, Tsán asáari /t͡sán at͡sá͜ɑɣɪ/ simply means "the ocean blue language", or "the language that is ocean blue".

Asaari is a heavily agglutinating with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking nouns and adjectives altogether, in favour of verbs. Asaari is a tonal language with a limited vowel inventory, and an extensive array of consonants.

The language is being constructed by Waahlis to represent his fierce love for tones, voiceless consonants, and the voiceless lateral fricative.

I also wish to make it clear that this language has no connexion what so ever to the invented language and species of Asari, in the video game Mass Effect! The name is purely coincidental as Asaari is derived from the word for "blue" in the language (Yes, I'm aware the species of Mass Effect also happen to be blue...), which was propably inspired from the European word "azure". The final "-i" is a relativising suffix. No connexions, okay!?

Phonology

Template:As-pagebox

Consonants

Asaari has 23 consonants, called tsínáa /t͡sɪ́ná͜aʔ/, traditionally categorised into the following groups:

màaráyi /mɑ̀ⁿːʀáʔjɪ/ - "shaking" or voiced consonants.
- mháasi /m̥á͜ɑʔsɪ/ - "smooth" or approximants and voiced nasal consonants.
tuáaqi /tʼá͜ɑʔcɪ/ - "shocking" or ejective consonants.
tsamàaráyis /t͡samɑ̀ⁿːʀáʔjɪs/ - "non-shaking" or voiceless consonants.
- yéelhàyi /jɛ́͜əɬɑ̀ⁿjɪ/ - "gliding" or fricatives and voiceless nasal consonants.
- quáasi /qʼá͜ɑʔsɪ/ - "stopping", that is stop consonants.
- sitsàayi /sɪt͡sɑ̀ːⁿjɪ/ - "jumping" or affricates.

**Asaari consonants**
		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar		Palatal	Uvular	Glottal
		Bilabial	central	central	lateral	Palatal	Uvular	Glottal
Nasals	voiceless	mh /m̥/	nh /n̥/
Nasals	voiced	m /m/	n /n/
Stops	ejective	pu /pʼ/	tu /tʼ/			gu /cʼ ~ qʼ/
Stops	voiceless	p /p/	t /t/			g /c ~ q/		h /ʔ/
Affricates	ejective			tsu /t͡sʼ/	tlu /tɬ'/	tshu /t͡ɕʼ/
Affricates	voiceless			ts /t͡s/	tl /t͡ɬ/	tsh /t͡ɕ/
Fricatives	voiceless	ph /ɸ ~ pɸ/	th /θ ~ tθ/	s /s ~ ts/	lh /ɬ/	sh /ç ~ ɕ/	h /χ ~ h/
Approximant					l /l/	y /j/	r /ʁ ~ ʀ/

Vowels

Asaari has three main vowels, /a/, /ɪ/ and /ɛ/. The vowels can all bear tone. The tones may change the vowels' qualities and articulation; these allophones are enclosed in square brackets. Vowels may be long or short. Long vowels are written twice in the native orthography.

**Asaari vowels**
	Front	Near-front	Central	Back
Close			[ɨ̃]
Near-close		ı /ɪ/
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid	e /ɛ/, [ɛ̃]
Near-open
Open	a /a/			[ɑ̃]

Diphthongs

There are three so called "diphthongs¨" in the language. This is however merely a traditional name, as the diphthongs have long since collapsed into long vowels. Originally, these were homogeneous diphthongs, composed of doubled vowels.

**Asaari vowels and diphthongs**
Monophthongs
i /ɪ/	e /ɛ/	a /a/
Diphthongs
ii /ɪː/	ee /ɛː/	aa /aː/

Tone

There are three phonemic tones in Lha asáari, the high, medium, or default, and the low tone. The tones have immense effects on the qualities of the vowels.

Short and long vowels with the high tone are pronounced with a glottal closure, that is, a coda glottal stop, /ʔ/. The long vowels are diphthongised - this is the sole trace of the homogeneous diphthongs.
Low tone vowels are nasalised. This nasalisation is phonetically marked with a superscript minuscule "n", so that the nasalisation marking does not coincide with the tone diacritics.

Phonological processes

Apart from the low tone vowels being nasalised, and the diphthongs collapsing into long vowels, Asaari has a few other compulsory phonological changes.

Emphatic consonants

The term emphatic is a controversial one but refers to a certain form of assimilation in the Asaari language. Following high tone vowels, fricative consonants and /ʁ/ change their pronunciation.

**Asaari emphatics and finals**
Phonological changes
	ph	th	s	lh	sh	h	r
Plain	/ɸ/	/θ/	/s/	/ɬ/	/ç/	/ʔ/	/ʁ ~ ʀ/
Emphatic	[p͡ɸ]	[t͡θ]	[t͡s]	[t͡ɬ]	[ɕ]	[χ]	[ɣ]
Final	-	-	-	-	-	[h]	[r]

Unreleased consonants

When in coda position of a word, consonants are pronounced with no audible release. This applies to all oral occlusives, or plosives. Ejective plosives are never found in final position and thus never unreleased.

**Asaari finals**
Phonological changes
	p	t	g
Plain	/p/	/t/	/c ~ q/
Unreleased	[p̚]	[t̚]	[c̚ ~ q̚]

Suprasegmentals

Tonic accent

See also: Asaari/Sound changes

Asaari uses a a system of tonic accent, or pitch accent. A tonic accent is different to stress accent in that the prominent syllable in the word is distinguished by tone rather than volume. The tonic accent is also different to a purely tonal system in that the number of tonal syllables in a word is limited.

In Asaari, there is at most one tonic syllable in a word. The position of the tonic syllable determines the tonal pattern of the whole word. The distinction is binary, that is, a tonic syllable may be either high or low.

The Proto-Tanisi language, PT, had a moraic stress system, where the first heavy was stressed. In Asaari, this is largely irrelevant. Instead, depending on which syllable had a voiceless plosive or a nasal coda, the syllable became tonic. Syllables with a plosive coda got a high pitch, and nasal codas got a low pitch. The low pitch is marked with a grave accent and the high one with an acute accent.

For example, the PT word hagiakis */ha.'gjakis/ recieved a high pitch on the second syllable when Asaari developed.
- hagiakis /ha.'gjakis/ > ayáah /ajáːʔ/ - yellow
The word tiana */'tjan.a/ on the other hand got a low pitch.
- tiana /'tjan.a/ > tsà /tsà/ - hell

In PT words where there were both nasal codas and plosive codas, the high tone gets prominence. The low tone is still marked, however.

An example is the Proto-Tanisi word satram */'satram/, where the low pitch is omitted.
- satram /'satram/ > sárà /sáɣa/ - hollow

Proto-Tanisi words and syllable structure has deteriorated to become Asaari, thus giving rise to a multitude of minimal pairs. The following table gives an overview over the misunderstandings that could arise if the wrong pitch is chosen.

**Minimal pairs of tonic accent**
Without diacritics	High		Low		Accentless
First syllable
tsa	/tsá/	language	/tsà/	hell	/tsa/	who
ayaa	/ájaː/	oyster	/àjaː/	oh, right!	/ajaː/	fish
mati	/máti/	work	/màti/	sad	-	-
Second syllable
ayaah	/ajáː/	yellow	/ajàː/	lamp	/ajaː/	fish
mati	/matí/	big	/matì/	morning paper	-	-

Compunding

A word may have only one tonic syllable per word. This is not the case of compund words or when affixes added, however.

Tonic influence

Syllables adjacent to pitched syllables are not completely accentless. Instead, they are affected by the nearby tonic accent.

Tonic register

The Proto-Tanisi language, had a regular moraic stress system which degenerated as the Asaari system evolved. The Proto-Tanisi language stressed the third mora, but in the Asaari language much of the tonic accent is affected by so called glottal and nasal syllables.

The Asaari tonic accent distinguishes high and low tone. These arose due to nasalised syllables and syllables with a glottal stop coda in the Proto-Tanisi language. Today, these are part of a register, where high pitch syllables get a glottal closure, and low pitch syllables are nasalised.

**Asaari tonic register**
		Simple			Long
Quality	No pitch	i /ɪ/	e /ɛ/	a /a/	ii /ɪː/	ee /ɛː/	aa /aː/
	High pitch	í /ɪ́ʔ/	é /ɛ́ʔ/	á /áʔ/	íi /ɪ́͜ɨʔ/	ée /ɛ́͜əʔ/	áa /á͜ɑʔ/
	Low pitch	ì /ɨ̀ⁿ/	è /ɛ̀ⁿ/	à /ɑ̀ⁿ/	ìi /ìⁿː/	èe /ɛ̀ⁿː/	àa /ɑ̀ⁿː/

Prosody

Orthography

The Asaari natively use the Vai syllabary to write amongst themselves. This modified syllabary is called the Asaari abugida.

The abugida symbols are composed of one onset consonant and one vowel. Vowels carrying different tones are perceived as proper vowels and do thus have their own symbols. There are a few gaps in the syllabary, since some combinations are not possible in the language, or have been lost.

The native name for the syllabary is giráas atsàari, ꘒ ꕉꔍꔹꗏ, which means "imperfect script". It is near-homophonous to giráas asáari ꘒ ꕉꕦꔹꗏ, which would mean "Asaari" or "blue script".

There are a few problems with the script; ejective consonants and long vowels are not denoted by symbols of their own. Instead, they are marked with the following symbols:

ꔷ - which marks ejectivity on a consonant, and also that that the vowel should be elided if final.
ꔹ - marks long vowels.

Asaari abugida
		Vowel
		-a			-e			-i
		/a/	/áʔ/	/ɑ̀ⁿ/	/ɛ/	/ɛ́ʔ/	/ɛ̀ⁿ/	/ɪ/	/ɪ́ʔ/	/ɨ̀ⁿ/
Onset	(none)	ꕉ	ꕱ	ꕊ	ꔀ	ꖺ	ꗢ	ꕪ	ꖷ	ꔧ
	p-	ꕐ	ꕑ	ꕒ	ꔅ	ꔆ	ꗩ	ꗨ	ꔇ	ꗪ
	t-	ꔎ	ꔐ	ꔒ	ꕚ	ꕜ	ꖁ	ꕽ	ꕾ	ꘅ
	q-	ꖏ	ꔫ	ꖐ	ꗛ	ꗜ	ꗝ	ꖴ	ꖵ	ꖶ
	'-	ꖋ	ꗘ	ꖍ	ꗗ	ꗘ	ꗙ	ꖰ	ꖱ	ꖲ
	ts-	ꔋ	ꔌ	ꔍ	ꕗ	ꕘ	ꕙ	ꗯ	ꗱ	ꗲ
	tl-	ꕪ	ꕌ	ꕭ	ꔞ	ꔟ	ꔠ	ꘃ	ꘄ	ꘆ
	tsh-	ꖉ	ꗉ	ꗊ	ꗋ	ꗍ	ꖑ	ꖨ	ꖪ	ꖳ
	ph-	ꕓ	ꕔ	ꕖ	ꔈ	ꔉ	ꔊ	ꗫ	ꗬ	ꗮ
	th-	ꕞ	ꔕ	ꔖ	ꕠ	ꕡ	ꖇ	ꗻ	ꗽ	ꔺ
	s-	ꔻ	ꕦ	ꕧ	ꗳ	ꔿ	ꔛ	ꖤ	ꗿ	ꘀ
	lh-	-	ꖆ	ꖃ	-	ꔳ	ꔱ	-	ꘇ	ꔦ
	sh-	-	ꕨ	ꕩ	-	ꔜ	ꔝ	-	ꘁ	ꘂ
	h-	-	ꕬ	ꕍ	-	ꔂ	ꕅ	-	ꗤ	ꗥ
	l-	ꕿ	ꖻ	ꖼ	ꔵ	ꗓ	ꗕ	ꕳ	ꖅ	ꕴ
	y-	ꖢ	ꖣ	ꖎ	ꔬ	ꔭ	ꕸ	ꖝ	ꖞ	ꗄ
	r-	ꕀ	ꕁ	ꕂ	ꖙ	ꕏ	ꖗ	ꗏ	ꖿ	ꖽ
	m-	ꕎ	ꕮ	ꕯ	ꔃ	ꕆ	ꕇ	ꗦ	ꘈ	ꘉ
	n-	ꕺ	ꕻ	ꗇ	ꗅ	ꗆ	ꕼ	ꖟ	ꔨ	ꖡ
	mh-	ꕰ	ꕃ	-	ꕈ	ꕄ	-	ꘊ	ꘋ	-
	nh-	ꗁ	ꗂ	-	ꕶ	ꕷ	-	ꖛ	ꖜ	-

The full index of Asaari logograms. All of them are fairly common.

Punctuation

Qiráas atsàari does not use Latin punctuation. It is somewhat more limited, but uses the following symbols:

꘎ - Marks a full stop.
꘏ - Question or interrogation mark.
꘍ - Denotes a comma, separates clauses.
ꖫ - Has the function of an English colon or semicolon.

Logograms

The Atsàari script does also have a number of logograms: Single characters that mark a full word.

These are rather few, and they can all be spelt out with the syllabary. It should be noted however, that whilst the logograms are very comfortable and quick to write, they are never marked for affixes, inflexion or the like. That means they must be pronounced out of context.

Grammar

Asaari has a fairly complex grammar; it lacks the common definition of a noun. Instead, all nouns are so called "nominals" verbs conjugated in a certain pattern.

Syntax

Nominals and verbals

The language differentiates nominal and verbal constructs of finite verbs. A verbal verb acts like a normal verb. A nominal verb on the other hand, has affixes that makes it more similar to a noun or adjective.

In the most basic form, there is no difference between the two. However, through simple personal endings and relativisers, the meaning is altered.

The main pronominal prefixes, mn.1/2/3, make verbs verbal, indicating a subject.
The relativising affixes 1/2/3.rel mark a word as nominal. The third person neuter relativiser, -i, is also used to form finite verbs from verbals.

Finite and non-finite verbs

In Asaari, all nouns are verbs, and all verbs are finite. To create a construction similar to the English non finite verbs, a speaker uses the relativising suffix -i.


Árá gáari.				Árá ágáari.					Árá ságáari.
/áɣa cáːɣɪ/				/áɣa acáːɣɪ/					/áɣa sacáːɣɪ/
á-	rá	gáar	-i	á-	rá	á-	gáar	-i	á-	rá	sá-	gáar	-i
mn.pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	read	.rel.3.n.sg	pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	pres.perf.1.m.sg.	read	.rel	pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	pres.perf.2.m.sg.	read	.rel
I like the book.				I like when I read. (I like to read)					I like when you read.

The topic marker

In Asaari, no syntactic argument carries as much weight as the topic. The topic is the argument of the sentence being talked about; the argument that can be inferred.

The topic marker is not compulsory, but a native speaker would probably be confused without it. The marker is a suffixed -s. The suffix is one of few very fusional suffixes, which often blend into preceeding suffix if it does not end in a vowel.


Árás gáari.					Árá gáaris.					Árátsa gáaris
/áɣa cáːɣɪs/					/áɣas cáːɣɪ/					/áɣatsa cáːɣɪs/
á-	rá	-s	gáar	-i	á-	rá	gáar	-i-	-s	á-	rá	-tsa	gáar	-i	-s
pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	topic	read	.stat.rel.3.n.sg	pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	read	.rel.3.n.sg	topic	pres.perf.1.m.sg.	like	neg.	read	.rel.3.n.sg	topic
As for me, I like the book.					I like the BOOK.¹					I DON'T like the book.

In English, one would stress the subject in the second sentence, I, but the book would still be the topic: "I don't like the book, but you do".

The topic marker and passivisation

The Asaari language lacks any distinction in grammatical voice. To express passive phrases, one would use the topic marker on the object of the transitive verb.


Éshis yéenínayih thagátsan.									Éshi yéenínayis thagátsan.
/ɛ́ɕɪs jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh θaqát͡san/									/ɛ́ɕɪ jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs θaqát͡san/
esh	-i-	-s	‹yée›	nína	‹yih›	‹tha›	gátsa	‹n›	esh	-i	‹yée›	nína	‹yis›	‹tha›	gátsa	‹n›
bark	.rel.3.n.sg	topic	‹.rel.3.f.s›	be girly	‹.rel.3.f.s›	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	bite	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	bark	.rel.3.n.sg	‹.rel.3.f.s›	be girly	‹.rel.3.f.s + topic›	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	bite	‹past.perf.3.n.s›
The DOG bit the girl.									The dog bit the GIRL. or The GIRL was bitten by the dog

The topic marker, passivisation and incorporation

The passivisation with the topic marker makes it possible to omit the subject nominal, as long as the finite verb is conjugated according to the omitted subject.

Another possibility is to incorporate the subject nominal into the verbal. This is not the most common solution, but still occurs rather frequently.


Yéenínayis tha'éshigátsan.									Yéenínayis thagátsan .
/jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh θaʔɛ́ɕɪqát͡san/									/jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs θaqát͡san/
‹tha›	-'-	-esh-	-i-	gátsa	‹n›	‹yée›	nína	‹yis›	‹tha›	gátsa	‹n›	‹yée›	nína	‹yis›
‹past.perf.3.n.s›	con	bark	.rel.3.n.sg.con	bite	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	‹.rel.3.f.s›	be girly	‹.rel.3.f.s›	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	bite	‹past.perf.3.n.s›	‹.rel.3.f.s›	be girly	‹.rel.3.f.s + topic›
The GIRL was dog-bitten.									The GIRL was bitten.

Verbs

Number

Asaari verbs are conjugated according to three different numbers; singular, dual, and plural.

Singular

The singular (sg) number is the most basic form of most nouns, and marks individual nouns, counting "one". It is completely corresponding to the English equivalent. The singular third person perfective dynamic is the citation form of all words in the Asaari language. The singular inflects according to three genders: Masculine, feminine and neuter.

The singular is formed with prefixes and suffixes.

Dual

The dual (du) number marks when there are two subjects of a verb, or two of a noun. It is a living number unlike many European equivalents as well as Arabic. It is not inflected according to any gender.

The dual is formed through prefixes.

Plural

The plural (pl) number refers to any objects numbering more than two, that is "several". It corresponds well to the English plurals.

The plural formation differs from that of the other numbers; it uses reduplication of the singular prefixes. The reduplication is partial and dependent upon the structure of the prefix.

C₁V₁C₂-prefixes are reduplicated to C₁V₁C₂V₁C₂.
V₁C₁-prefixes form the reduplication V₁C₁V₁C₁
Prefixes with a sole vowel, V, are reduplicated as VhV.

Gender

Unlike other Native American languages, there are three genders, the masculine (m), feminine (f) and neuter (n). Gender plays important roles in and verbal inflections, since Asaari verbs conjugate according to gender. It is important to note that while verbs agree according to gender, it is the subject's gender that congruates.

Statives

Statives are an Asaari conjugation of verbs that function primarily as nouns and adjectives. A stative is most often defined as a predicative verb, nominal or adjective, but may also include other predicates. There are three different applicative forms and two copulative. The applicative in Asaari is parted in three; instrumental, benefactive, malefactive and oblique.

Predicative

The predicative construction of a nominal has a usage most often analogous to an English copula, used in a predicative expression.

It is a dog. - mées
Sara is a girl. - Sára lhináan
The house is crushed.- tláta quirásináayan

Relative

The relative construction of an Asaari nominal is equivalent to a modifying relative clause. In the language, this is used to create objects, subjects, and modifiers.

That which is a dog - méesi
The man who is angry kicks the tree. - nar yéeitsán háranilhèqa

Relative
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		sí-	shá-	yée-i/n	tlí-	thá-	ti-	sísí-	sháshá-	yéeyée-
	feminine		sí-yih	shá-yih	yée-yih
	neuter				-i/n

Instrumental

The Instrumental form has the function to promote an oblique argument of a verb to the core object argument, and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb. When the instrumental applicative is applied to a verb, its valency may be increased by one. The instrumental has mainly comitative and instrumental functions.

He writes a letter with a pen. - Tìyitlá apuéni ayítlisi.
He fetches wood with his hands. - Tìhem arási tsáran.
He fetches it with me. - Tìhemir asími.

Applicative
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		así-	ashá-	ayée-	atlí-	athá-	ati-	así--	ashá--	ayée--
	feminine		así-yih	ashá-yih	ayée-yih	atlí-yih	athá-yih	ati-yih	así--yih	ashá--yih	ayée--yih
	neuter				a-i/n			ati-i/n

Benefactive

The benefactive form expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause. It is simply expressed to be done "for" someone, as a favor or with neutral or good intent.

He wrote a letter to me. - Tìyitlá símiyáa ayítlisi.
He fetched wood for the fire. - Tìhem tináarayáan tsáran.

Benefactive
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		sí-yáa	shá-yáa	yée-yáa	tlí-yáa	thá-yáa	ti-yáa	sí--yáa	shá--yáa	yée--yáa
	feminine		sí-yáayih	shá-yáayih	yée-yáayih	tlí-yáayih	thá-yáayih	ti-yáayih	sí--yáayih	shá--yáayih	yée--yáayih
	neuter				-yáan			ti-yáan

Oblique

The oblique applicative often expressed when doing something "against" someone, as a hinder or with neutral or ill intent. It is often used in comparative clauses and as an object of a preposition. It does also have a locative function.

Don't spit on me! - Ritshápuáta tsamiyáa.
Please wait for me? - Tshásána tsasèhayáa.
It is in here. - Itaniyáan.

Oblique
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		tsa-yáa	tsah-yáa	sha-yáa	tlua-yáa	tsua-yáa	tui-yáa	tsa--yáa	tshá--yáa	sha--yáa
	feminine		tsa-yáayih	tsha-yáayih	sha-yáayih	tlua-yáayih	tsua-yáayih	tui-yáayih	tsa--yáayih	tsha--yáayih	sha--yáayih
	neuter				i-yáan			ti-yáan

Verbs proper

Perfective

Perfective dynamic
Non-Past
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		á-	sá-	yà-i/n	láhá-	lásá	láyà-	áha-	sásá-	yàyà-
	feminine		á-yih	sá-yih	yà-yih
	neuter				-i/n
Past
Indicative	masculine		thaá-	thasá-	thayà-i/n	tláhá-	tlásá	tláyà-	thaáha-	tlásá-	thayàyà-
	feminine		thaá-yih	thasá-yih	thayà-yih
	neuter				tha-i/n

Habitual

Habitual dynamic
Non-Past
Mood ↓	Number →		Singular			Dual			Plural
Mood ↓	Gender ↓	Person →	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative	masculine		tí-	tsá-	rí-i/n	látí-	látsá-	lárí-	títí-	tlátsá-	rírí-
	feminine		tí-yih	tsá-yih	rí-yih
	neuter				é-i/n
Past
Indicative	masculine		thatí-	thatsá-	tharí-i/n	tlátí-	tlátsá-	tlárí-	thatítí-	thatsátsá-	tharírí-
	feminine		thatí-yih	thatsá-yih	tharí-yih
	neuter				thahé-i/n

Blah blah

Verb
-			/-/			...
Participles
Non-Past			-áyyah
Past			-áayan
Person		Singular							Plural
		1^st		2^nd		3^rd			1^st	2^nd	3^rd
		masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	neuter	1^st	2^nd	3^rd
Indicative
	Object enclitics	-yi	-yiis	-shi	-shiis	-ar	-saár	-íir	-'in	-'íih	-'íir
	Past
	Perfective
	Imperfective
	Retrospective
	Non-Past
	Perfective	á-	á-yih	là-	là-yih	àra-	àra-yih	-	na-	ha-	ya-
	Imperfective	tí-	tí-yih	tlá-	tlá- yih	rì-	rì- yih	é-	tí-ʾi-	tlá-ʾi-	-ʾi-
	Retrospective	ràa-	ràa-yih	qà-	qà-yih	yása-	yása-yih	àari-	ràa--	qà--	àari--
Irrealis		páa-	páa-yih	qáa-	qáa-yih	yée-	yée-yih	tháa-yih	páa--	qáa--	tháa--
Imperative		tsí-	tsí-yih	tshá-	tshá-yih	shà-	shà-yih	'í-	t'í-	tl'í-	-'í

@@ Line 1,088: / Line 1,088: @@
 ====The topic marker====
-In Asaari, no syntactic argument carries as much weight as the [[w:Topic-comment|topic]]. The topic is the argument of the sentence being talked about, the argument that can be inferred.
+In Asaari, no syntactic argument carries as much weight as the [[w:Topic-comment|topic]]. The topic is the argument of the sentence being talked about; the argument that can be inferred.
 The topic marker is not compulsory, but a native speaker would probably be confused without it. The marker is a suffixed '''-s'''. The suffix is one of few very fusional suffixes, which often blend into preceeding suffix if it does not end in a vowel.
@@ Line 1,179: / Line 1,179: @@
 # In English, one would stress the subject in the second sentence, I, but the book would still be the topic: "'''I''' don't like the book, but you do".
 ====The topic marker and passivisation====