Kawa: Difference between revisions

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'''Kawa''' (/kawa/) is an artlang created by Tariselan. Kawa takes some minor inspiration from Māori, English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin. The language itself is created with the intent to be spoken between the creator and their partner. It was started around 12<sup>th</sup> of July 2022.
 
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==Introduction==
 
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<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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Consonant inventory
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Stress
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
Kawa uses the Latin script with 2 additional letters: ⟨Ŋŋ⟩, ⟨Ƿƿ⟩
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Kawa Alphabet
|-
! Letter
| Aa
| Bb
| Dd
| Ee
| Ff
| Gg
| Hh
| Ii
| Jj
| Kk
| Mm
| Nn
| Ŋŋ
| Oo
| Pp
| Qq
| Ss
| Tt
| Uu
| Vv
| Ww
| Ƿƿ
| Zz
|-
! IPA
| /a/
| /b/
| /tʷ/
| /e/
| /f/
| /g/
| /h/
| /i/
| /j/
| /k/
| /m/
| /n/
| /ŋ/
| /o/
| /p/
| /kʷ/
| /s/
| /t/
| /u/
| /v/
| /w/
| /ʍ/
| /sʷ/
|-
! Name
| /am/
| /ba/
| /tʷa/
| /em/
| /fa/
| /ga/
| /ha/
| /im/
| /ja/
| /ka/
| /ma/
| /na/
| /ŋa/
| /om/
| /pa/
| /kʷa/
| /sa/
| /ta/
| /um/
| /va/
| /wa/
| /ʍa/
| /sʷa/
|}
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! Labial
! Coronal
! Guttural
|-
! Nasal
| m
| n
| ŋ
|-
! Stops
| p b
| t tʷ
| k kʷ g
|-
! Fricatives
| f v
| s sʷ
| h
|-
! Approximants
| w
| j
| ʍ<sup>1</sup>
|}
Notes:
# During allophonic realisation, /w/ is affected by /ʍ/, however, in the writing system, it is seen and analysed as the soft version of /h/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 250px"
====Stress====
|+ Vowel Phonemes
====Intonation====
|-
!
! Front
! Back
|-
! Close
| i
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| o
|-
! Open
| colspan="2" |a
|}


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
Kawa follows a ''(C)<sup>2</sup>V(C)'' syllable structure.
===Morphophonology===
 
 
'''Initial C'''
 
All consonants are allowed to be in initial position.
 
 
'''Initial C<sup>2</sup>'''
 
/kn/, /gn/, /st/, /stʷ/, /sk/, /skʷ/, /kʷʍ/, /tʷʍ/, /sʷʍ/, /Nw/, /Nʍ/<sup>1</sup>, /Nj/<sup>2</sup>, /mb/
# [+nasal] > [-voice] /_ʍ
# A speaker may realise /nj/ as /ɲ/ (nj > ɲ)
 
'''V'''
 
* /a/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
* /e/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
* /i/ isn't allowed before or after /j/
* /o/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
* /u/ isn't allowed before or after /w/
 
 
'''Final C'''
 
/m/, /ŋ/, /b/, /g/, /t/, /f/, /v/, /s/
 
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
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===Nouns===
Nouns are inflected for case.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Noun Cases
|-
!
! Nominative/Accusative
! Genitive
! Dative
|-
! -C
| -o
| -i
| -a
|-
! -V
| -mo
| -mi
| -ma
|}


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:


Nouns
===Pronouns===
Adjectives
Pronouns are inflected for Case, Person, and derogatress.
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology


-->
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Pronouns
|-
!
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Genitive
|-
! 1<sup>st</sup> Person Plain
| colspan="2" |imo
| imwa
| iŋi
|-
! 1<sup>st</sup> Person Derogatory
| imwo
| imƿo
| ima
| iŋwi
|-
! 2<sup>nd</sup> Person Plain
| colspan="2" |teo
| ta
| da
|-
! 2<sup>nd</sup> Person Derogatory
| dƿeo
| gweo
| dam
| diwi
|-
! 3<sup>rd</sup> Person Plain
| colspan="2" |sov
| sovia
| sovio
|-
! 3<sup>rd</sup> Person Derogatory
| zof
| zov
| zia
| zio
|-
|}
 
 
===Verbs===
Verbs are marked for tense and mood with a particle.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Verb Particles
|-
!
! Indicative
! Imperative
! Conditional
|-
! Present
| gaŋ
| rowspan="3" |qaŋ
| gagaŋ
|-
! Past
| goŋ
| gogoŋ
|-
! Future
| kam
| kakam
|}
 
===The Copula===
The copula, ⟨qe⟩ /kʷ/ in Kawa functions both as the verb "to be" and the verb "to have". It is the only verb that conjugates differently, it conjugates as following:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ The Copula
|-
!
! Indicative
! Imperative
! Conditional
|-
! Present
| gaŋqe
| rowspan="3" |qeqe
| gaqegaŋ
|-
! Past
| goŋqe
| goqegoŋ
|-
! Future
| kamqe
| kaqekam
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 23:05, 31 July 2022

Kawa (/kawa/) is an artlang created by Tariselan. Kawa takes some minor inspiration from Māori, English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin. The language itself is created with the intent to be spoken between the creator and their partner. It was started around 12th of July 2022.

Phonology

Orthography

Kawa uses the Latin script with 2 additional letters: ⟨Ŋŋ⟩, ⟨Ƿƿ⟩

Kawa Alphabet
Letter Aa Bb Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Pp Qq Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Ƿƿ Zz
IPA /a/ /b/ /tʷ/ /e/ /f/ /g/ /h/ /i/ /j/ /k/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /o/ /p/ /kʷ/ /s/ /t/ /u/ /v/ /w/ /ʍ/ /sʷ/
Name /am/ /ba/ /tʷa/ /em/ /fa/ /ga/ /ha/ /im/ /ja/ /ka/ /ma/ /na/ /ŋa/ /om/ /pa/ /kʷa/ /sa/ /ta/ /um/ /va/ /wa/ /ʍa/ /sʷa/

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Coronal Guttural
Nasal m n ŋ
Stops p b t tʷ k kʷ g
Fricatives f v s sʷ h
Approximants w j ʍ1

Notes:

  1. During allophonic realisation, /w/ is affected by /ʍ/, however, in the writing system, it is seen and analysed as the soft version of /h/

Vowels

Vowel Phonemes
Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

Phonotactics

Kawa follows a (C)2V(C) syllable structure.


Initial C

All consonants are allowed to be in initial position.


Initial C2

/kn/, /gn/, /st/, /stʷ/, /sk/, /skʷ/, /kʷʍ/, /tʷʍ/, /sʷʍ/, /Nw/, /Nʍ/1, /Nj/2, /mb/

  1. [+nasal] > [-voice] /_ʍ
  2. A speaker may realise /nj/ as /ɲ/ (nj > ɲ)

V

  • /a/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
  • /e/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
  • /i/ isn't allowed before or after /j/
  • /o/ is allowed after and befor all consonants
  • /u/ isn't allowed before or after /w/


Final C

/m/, /ŋ/, /b/, /g/, /t/, /f/, /v/, /s/

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are inflected for case.

Noun Cases
Nominative/Accusative Genitive Dative
-C -o -i -a
-V -mo -mi -ma


Pronouns

Pronouns are inflected for Case, Person, and derogatress.

Personal Pronouns
Nominative Accusative Dative Genitive
1st Person Plain imo imwa iŋi
1st Person Derogatory imwo imƿo ima iŋwi
2nd Person Plain teo ta da
2nd Person Derogatory dƿeo gweo dam diwi
3rd Person Plain sov sovia sovio
3rd Person Derogatory zof zov zia zio


Verbs

Verbs are marked for tense and mood with a particle.

Verb Particles
Indicative Imperative Conditional
Present gaŋ qaŋ gagaŋ
Past goŋ gogoŋ
Future kam kakam

The Copula

The copula, ⟨qe⟩ /kʷ/ in Kawa functions both as the verb "to be" and the verb "to have". It is the only verb that conjugates differently, it conjugates as following:

The Copula
Indicative Imperative Conditional
Present gaŋqe qeqe gaqegaŋ
Past goŋqe goqegoŋ
Future kamqe kaqekam

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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