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Khattish: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
*roots slightly similar to [[w:Semitic_root|semitic roots]]: voiceless bi- and | *roots slightly similar to [[w:Semitic_root|semitic roots]]: voiceless bi- and quadriliterals (while Kher have triliteral roots) | ||
** | **voiceless→voiced & ejective→affricate & voiced→approximant as one derivation process: √p-p → ''b-p'' and ''p-b'' | ||
**derivation with affixes as well | **derivation with affixes as well | ||
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===Noun=== | ===Noun=== | ||
Nouns of Khattish have two grammatical genders, animate (AN) and inanimate (IN), which are characteristic to words and not explicitly shown. Animate class contains all living creatures and their body parts while inanimate | |||
Nouns have two numbers, singular and plural, and the plural is formed by voicing the consonant of the stressed syllable (second or last). | |||
====Case==== | |||
Noun cases: | Noun cases: | ||
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*Dative (DAT): Indirect objects; for the benefit of (BEN) | *Dative (DAT): Indirect objects; for the benefit of (BEN) | ||
**final ''u'' with AN and ''k'' with IN | **final ''u'' with AN and ''k'' with IN | ||
*Genitive (GEN): possession ('''his''' head); with most adpositions | *Genitive (GEN): possession ('''his''' head); with most adpositions; adjective-forming | ||
**final ''l'' with AN and ''j'' with IN | **final ''l'' with AN and ''j'' with IN | ||
*Instrumental-comitative (INS-COM): using something or in company of someone (compare "with"); adjacent location (ADE) | *Instrumental-comitative (INS-COM): using something or in company of someone (compare "with"); adjacent location (ADE) | ||
**final ''s'' with AN and ''h'' with IN | **final ''s'' with AN and ''h'' with IN | ||
===Adjective=== | ===Adjective=== | ||
*noun GEN where the last internal ''e'' becomes ''a'' | |||
*agree with gender: ''na''-suffix with animate nouns | |||
*only agrees with ergative case: ''-áa'' for AN and ''-é'' for IN | |||
===Verb=== | ===Verb=== | ||
*conjugated for number, tense, aspect and mood | |||
*apophony | |||
*first consonant voicing for subjunctive mood | |||
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Suffixes: | Suffixes: | ||
*''-enú'' origin, characteristic | *''-enú'' origin, characteristic | ||
===Numeral=== | ===Numeral=== | ||
decimal base | decimal base | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||