Koinean: Difference between revisions

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Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek.  While Ancient Greek could match distant words by case, number, and gender, Koinean matches by case and class.  The verb inflectional structure is as big as the λύω chart, some 400 conjugations per verb.  It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet.  (Unfortunately, it also requires a Unicode hack, that of a combining character in order to write upsilons with iota subscripts.)  It is also meant as an instructional aide to Koreans in learning Ancient Greek.


ἀννῃνγἁσἠιᾠ!  ζωεἀἁιᾠ ἰἠνἠδοδ? (안녕하세요! 좋아해요 이언어를?)


<!--  
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
α - /아/, β - /ㅂ/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /ɫ/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅍ/, ρ - /ɻ/, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /φ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
===Consonants===
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
|+ '''Koinean Consonantal Inventory'''
|-
!  !! || Bilabial  ||  Alveolar || Palatal || Velar || Glottal
|-
! colspan="2"| Nasal
|  /m/ '''μ Μ'''
|  /n/ '''ν Ν'''
| 
|  /ŋ/ '''νγ'''
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plosive
! Plain
| /p~b/ '''β Β'''
| /t~d/ '''τ Τ'''
| /c~ɟ/ '''ζ Ζ'''
| /k~g/ '''γ Γ'''
|
|-
! Aspirated
| /pʰ/ '''π Π'''
| /tʰ/ '''θ Θ'''
| /cʰ/ '''χ Χ'''
| /kʰ/ '''κ Κ'''
|
|-
! Tense
| /p͈/ '''ββ ΒΒ'''
| /t͈/ '''δδ ΔΔ'''
| /c͈/ '''ζζ ΖΖ'''
| /k͈/ '''γγ ΓΓ'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! Aspirated
| /ɸ/ '''φ Φ'''
|
| /sʰ~ɕʰ/ '''σ ς Σ'''
|
| h~ɦ
|-
! Tense
|
|
| /s͈~ɕ͈/ '''σσ ςς ΣΣ'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximants
| /w/
| /l/ '''λ Λ'''
| /j/
| /ɰ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
| /ɾ/ '''δ Δ'''
| /ɻ~r/ * '''ρ Ρ'''
|
|
|}
also /ks/ -> ξ  (only alone Ξ) ;  /ps/ -> ψ  (only alone Ψ), but they are both not permitted at the start of a syllable or word. ε (only alone Ε) is the obsolete coda /h/, which is actually unsaid, but preserved in spelling.


-->
Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné Greek.  While Ancient Greek could match distant words by Case/Number/Gender, Koinean matches by Case/Honor/Class.  The verb inflectional structure is as big as a λυω chart.  It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet, and requires the extension of Unicode by combining characters to write upsilons with iota subscript.  It is also meant as an instructional aide to Korean in learning NT Greek.


==Introduction==
===Vowels===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
|+ Koinean Vowels
! !! Front <br /> Unrounded !! Front <br /> Rounded !! Mid !! Back <br /> Unrounded || Back <br /> Rounded
|-
! High
| /i/ '''ι Ι'''  || /y/ '''υι Υι'''    || || /ɯ/ '''ο Ο''' || /u/ '''υ Υ'''
|-
! Mid
| /e̞/ '''ηι Ηι'''  || /ø/ '''ωι Ωι'''
| colspan="2" | /ʌ~ɘ/ '''η Η'''
| /o/ '''ω Ω'''
|-
! Low
| /æ/ '''αι Αι''' ||
| colspan="2" | /ä~ɑ/ '''α Α''' ||
|}


<!-- Example categories/headings:
* There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.   
 
* Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.   
Goals
* Iotized Diphthongs 위, 외, 애, 에, 의 -> ὐι, ὠι, ἀι, ἠι, ὀι
Setting
* Triphthongs 얘, 예, 웨, 왜 -> ᾀι, ᾐι, ὐηι, ὠαι
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
=== Vowel inventory===
==== Consonant inventory ===
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
α - /아/, β - /v/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /l/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅂ/, ρ, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /ㅍ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/
Άλφα Βετα γάμμα δεδτα
 
===Consonants===
* Nasals
** /m/ ㅁ -> μ or Μ
** /n/ ㄴ -> ν or Ν
** /ŋ/ ㅇ -> νν (coda only)
* Approximants
** /w/ -> diphthongs
** /j/  -> iota subscript
** /ɾ/ -> δ or Δ (only for native words, or coda)
** /l/ -> λ or Λ (only for foreign words)
** /r/ -> ρ or Ρ (only for foreign words)
*** Can be further specified as ῤ or ᾽Ρ or even ῥ or Ῥ
* Fricatives
** /h/ -> rough breathing mark
** /s/ -> σ/ς, σσ/ςς, Σ, ΣΣ
* Stops
** Simple
===Vowels===
* There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아/이,어,오,으,우: ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.   
* Iotasized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscribe: 야,여,요,유: ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.   
* Diphthongs are written as in Hangul, including 애 and 에: 와,워,위,외,의: ὠα,ὐη,ὐι,ὠι,ὀι. 
* Trigraphs: 얘,예,웨,왜: ᾀι,ᾐι,ὐηι,ὠαι.
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Line 70: Line 106:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
=== Phonological Processes ===
There are more of them than you can shake a stick at!
* π + ν = μν
* λ + ν = λλ
* β/τ/ζ/γ + β/τ/ζ/γ = ββ/ττ/ζζ/γγ
* ε + β/τ/ζ/γ = π/θ/χ/κ
* ε + σ = σσ
* λ + δ = λλ
* rest + δ = rest + ν
*
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


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<!-- Template area -->
<!-- Template area -->


[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UsW18jx9wT-aVIn0Q_ItQgt-KfwWdR_M8O_W3FbfWX8/edit?usp=sharing Lexicon]


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 02:33, 20 January 2017

Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek. While Ancient Greek could match distant words by case, number, and gender, Koinean matches by case and class. The verb inflectional structure is as big as the λύω chart, some 400 conjugations per verb. It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet. (Unfortunately, it also requires a Unicode hack, that of a combining character in order to write upsilons with iota subscripts.) It is also meant as an instructional aide to Koreans in learning Ancient Greek.

ἀννῃνγἁσἠιᾠ! ζωεἀἁιᾠ ἰἠνἠδοδ? (안녕하세요! 좋아해요 이언어를?)

Phonology

Orthography

α - /아/, β - /ㅂ/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /ɫ/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅍ/, ρ - /ɻ/, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /φ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/

Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.

Consonants

Koinean Consonantal Inventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ μ Μ /n/ ν Ν /ŋ/ νγ
Plosive Plain /p~b/ β Β /t~d/ τ Τ /c~ɟ/ ζ Ζ /k~g/ γ Γ
Aspirated /pʰ/ π Π /tʰ/ θ Θ /cʰ/ χ Χ /kʰ/ κ Κ
Tense /p͈/ ββ ΒΒ /t͈/ δδ ΔΔ /c͈/ ζζ ΖΖ /k͈/ γγ ΓΓ
Fricative Aspirated /ɸ/ φ Φ /sʰ~ɕʰ/ σ ς Σ h~ɦ
Tense /s͈~ɕ͈/ σσ ςς ΣΣ
Approximants /w/ /l/ λ Λ /j/ /ɰ/
Liquid /ɾ/ δ Δ /ɻ~r/ * ρ Ρ

also /ks/ -> ξ (only alone Ξ) ; /ps/ -> ψ (only alone Ψ), but they are both not permitted at the start of a syllable or word. ε (only alone Ε) is the obsolete coda /h/, which is actually unsaid, but preserved in spelling.


Vowels

Koinean Vowels
Front
Unrounded		 Front
Rounded		 Mid Back
Unrounded		 Back
Rounded
High /i/ ι Ι /y/ υι Υι /ɯ/ ο Ο /u/ υ Υ
Mid /e̞/ ηι Ηι /ø/ ωι Ωι /ʌ~ɘ/ η Η /o/ ω Ω
Low /æ/ αι Αι /ä~ɑ/ α Α
  • There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.
  • Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.
  • Iotized Diphthongs 위, 외, 애, 에, 의 -> ὐι, ὠι, ἀι, ἠι, ὀι
  • Triphthongs 얘, 예, 웨, 왜 -> ᾀι, ᾐι, ὐηι, ὠαι

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Phonological Processes

There are more of them than you can shake a stick at!

  • π + ν = μν
  • λ + ν = λλ
  • β/τ/ζ/γ + β/τ/ζ/γ = ββ/ττ/ζζ/γγ
  • ε + β/τ/ζ/γ = π/θ/χ/κ
  • ε + σ = σσ
  • λ + δ = λλ
  • rest + δ = rest + ν


Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Lexicon

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