Kola

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Revision as of 23:20, 20 September 2017 by Shariifka (talk | contribs) (→‎Consonants)
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Kola (Native: ጅቆለ /d͡ʒɨkʼolə/, Latin script: Jïqolä) is a Bantu language spoken in Eritrea and the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Kola consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal/
Postalveolar
Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop ejective (ʈʼ)1
aspirated (ʈʰ)1 ʔ
voiced b d (ɖ)1 ɡ
Affricate ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
aspirated t͡ʃʰ
voiced d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless f s (ʂ)1 ʃ χ ħ h
voiced v z (ʐ)1 (ʒ)2 ʁ ʕ
Approximant/Liquid w l r j

Notes:

1 The "retroflex" consonants /ʈʼ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ʂ, ʐ/ are not truly retroflex but rather apical alveolar or post-alveolar. They occur dialectally and correspond to standard /t͡ʃʼ, t͡ʃʰ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, d͡ʒ/ respectively.

2 The distinction between /d͡ʒ/ and /ʒ/ has been lost in the standard language (where they occur in free variation), but is still present in some dialects.

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources