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Láadan: Difference between revisions
→Grammar
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== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
Most Láadan sentences contain three | Most Láadan sentences contain three particles: | ||
* The ''speech-act'' particle | * The ''speech-act'' particle − this occurs at the beginning of the sentence and marks it as either a statement (''bíi''), a question (''báa''), ''et cetera''; in connected speech or writing, this particle is often omitted. They are: | ||
*; Bíi : Indicates a declarative sentence (usually optional) | *; Bíi : Indicates a declarative sentence (usually optional) | ||
*; Báa : Indicates a question | *; Báa : Indicates a question | ||
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*; Bé : Indicates a promise | *; Bé : Indicates a promise | ||
*; Bée : Indicates a warning | *; Bée : Indicates a warning | ||
* The [[grammatical tense]] particle | * The [[grammatical tense]] particle − this occurs second in the sentence and marks it as either [[present tense]] (''ril''), [[past tense]] (''eril''), [[future tense]] (''aril'') or hypothetical (''wil''); without the tense particle, the sentence is assumed to have the same tense as the previous sentence. | ||
* The [[evidentiality|evidence]] particle | * The [[evidentiality|evidence]] particle − this occurs at the end of statements and indicates the trustworthiness of the statement. They are: | ||
*; wa : Known to speaker because perceived by speaker, externally or internally | *; wa : Known to speaker because perceived by speaker, externally or internally | ||
*; wi : Known to speaker because self-evident | *; wi : Known to speaker because self-evident | ||