Lakovic languages
- Not to be confused with the Lahob languages.
Lakovic | |
---|---|
Created by | – |
Geographic distribution | Talma, Bjeheond, Etalocin |
Linguistic classification | One of Tricin's primary language families |
Proto-language | Proto-Lakovic |
Subdivisions |
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The Lakovic languages (/ləˈkoʊvɪk/ luh-KOHV-ik; Eevo: brits Lycóov; Rhythoed: fi imbrits Lăcoaf) are a language family native to Talma.
Todo
Other (short) suffixes?
Phylogeny
- Proto-Lakovic
- Old Windermere
- Classical Windermere
- a Scots analog
- Tergetian
- Ksieħ
- Western Bjeheondian
- Tumhanian
- Old Windermere
Proto-Lakovic phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | |||||
"Stop" | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |||
spirant | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | x /x/ | |||||
Fricative | s /s̻/ | š /s̺/ | ś /ɬ/ | h /h/ | ||||
Affricate | c /ts̻/ | č /ts̺/ | ć /tɬ/ | |||||
Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
Proto-Lakovic had 6 vowels and register tone:
i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/
ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice
Phonotactics
Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere.
Stress
Stress was likely on the final syllable.
Proto-Lakovic morphology
Nouns
- direct case marker: id-
- indirect case marker: how-
Verbs and adjectives
Verbs and adjectives agreed with nouns in gender. For example:
- šmer toʔ = a good man (m);
- ʔama toʔs = a good mother (f)
Gender agreement was lost in most descendants, except in Tergetian and the West Bjeheondian languages.
TODO: triggers, aspects
Numbers
check Æ tone reflexes
- first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split
- then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes
Proto-Lakovic | Talman | Western Bjeheondian | Tumhanian | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windermere Lăcoaf |
Tergetian | Tsjoen Tsjoen |
Häskä | Schong | Æ | |
*àtòn "one" | doan | eudun | tů1 | |||
*raþ "two" | rath | rat | ra2 | |||
*sciw "three" | stiw | sju | tjů3 | |||
*mšàx "four" | smech | mpjeoh | zjær3 | |||
*imǜc "five" | müets | eumjoets | vur1 | |||
*tax "six" | tach | dah | tar2 | |||
*àpòþ "seven" | boath | eubut | po3 | |||
*słep "eight" | łep | xjep | læ̊4 | |||
*ʔlòy "nine" | loay | eoloe | lø3 | |||
*θaf "ten" | thaf | tav | tå2 | |||
*suyàw "eleven" | săyew | sjo | sø3 | |||
*srüx "twelve" | srüch | sryh | rur2 |
Derivational morphology
- Breathy voice ablaut: nominalization (f)
- pì-~pù- = agentive (m)
Proto-Lakovic syntax
Proto-Lakovic had flexible word order, but the most common word order was VSO.