Lees'hin: Difference between revisions

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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Lees'hin (lees'hin s'hon) is lees'hinian language spoken in  Democratic Republic of Lees'hin (Vas’ha Nhelhuk Lees’hin) by 48 000 native speakers. It was created in 2015. The language has no cognate with natural languages. I wanted to make some very strange language with strange vocubalary. And I made it, Lees'hin was my strange language. Also Lees'hin is intelligable with 2 other lees'hinian languages. They are Mihrulen and Basti.
Lees'hin (lees'hin s'hon) is lees'hinian language spoken in  Democratic Republic of Lees'hin (Vas’ha Nhelhuk Lees’hin) by 48 000 native speakers. It was created in 2015. The language has no cognate with natural languages. I wanted to make some very strange language with strange vocubalary. Also Lees'hin is intelligable with 2 other lees'hinian languages. They are Mihrulen and Basti.


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
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|-
|-
| ph || aphú
| ph || aphú
|-
| q || qu
|-
| qh || aqhú
|-
|-
| r || ra
| r || ra
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|Nasal|| m /m/ ||  || n /n/ ||  || nh /ɲ/ || n /ŋ/ ||  ||   
|Nasal|| m /m/ ||  || n /n/ ||  || nh /ɲ/ || n /ŋ/ ||  ||   
|-
|-
|Plosive || p /p/ b /b/ ||  || t /t/ d /d/ ||  ||  || k /k/ g /g/ ||q /q/ ||  
|Plosive || p /p/ b /b/ ||  || t /t/ d /d/ ||  ||  || k /k/ g /g/ || ||
|-
|-
|Affricate ||  ||  || c /t͡s/ || ch /t͡ʃ/ jh /d͡ʒ/ ||  ||  ||  ||  
|Affricate ||  ||  || c /t͡s/ || ch /t͡ʃ/ jh /d͡ʒ/ ||  ||  ||  ||  
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|Lateral app. ||  ||  || l /l/ ||  ||  || lh /ʎ/ ||  ||  
|Lateral app. ||  ||  || l /l/ ||  ||  || lh /ʎ/ ||  ||  
|}
|}
*(')h- when h is after consonant it will be pronounced /x/. So in writing exist 2 groups. One is with apostrophe and other has no apostrophe. Group with apostrophe is: s'h, c'h, j'h, l'h and n'h. In other group are consonants that don't need an apostrophe because they can't make another sound. So s'h is written this way to avoid mixing with sh. But gh is written in this way becaus e g with h can't make another phoneme, like sh.
*(')h- when h is after consonant it will be pronounced /x/. So in writing exist 2 groups. One is with apostrophe and other has no apostrophe. Group with apostrophe is: s'h, c'h, j'h, l'h and n'h. In other group are consonants that don't need an apostrophe because they can't make another sound. So s'h is written this way to avoid mixing with sh. But gh is written in this way because  g with h can't make another phoneme, like sh.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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|-
|-
|}
|}
Other adjectives are diclined like adjective moní.
Other adjectives are declined like adjective moní.
Comparation
Comparation
Lees'hin has normally positive, comparative and superlative. Comparation can be regular or irregular.
Lees'hin has normally positive, comparative and superlative. Comparation can be regular or irregular.
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!        !! nõhi !! úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !!teãbãõkhé
!        !! nõhi !! úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !!teãbãõkhé
|-
|-
| Present || bus-eu || busay-euy || busat-eut ||busayo-euyo || busayot-euyot || Example
| Present || bus-eu || busay-euy || busat-eut || bãssãyo-euyo|| bãssãyot-euyot|| bãssanh-eunh
|-
|-
| Imperfect || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Imperfect || bússã-eu || bússãy-euy ||bússãt-eut || bússãyo-euyo || bússãyot-euyot || bússãnh-eunh
|-
|-
| Preterite || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Preterite || bússaha-euha|| bússahay-euahay  || bússahat-euahat  || bússahayo-euahayo || bússahayot-euahayot|| bússahanh-euahanh     
|-
|-
| Perfect || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Perfect || dan-eu busko-euko|| day-euy busko-euko ||dat-eut busko-euko || dayo-euyo busko-euko || dayot-euyot busko-euko || danh-eunh busko-euko
|-
|-
| Past perfect|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Past perfect|| danaha-euaha busko-euko || danahay-euahay busko-euko || danahat-euahat busko-euko  || danahayo-euahayo busko-euko  || danahayot-euahayot busko-euko|| danahanh-euahanh busko-
                                                                                                                                                                                            euko       
|-
|-
| Future I || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Future I || bãssãjhaba-euba|| bãssãjhabay-eubay  || bãssãjhabat-eubat || bãssãjhabayo-eubayo ||bãssãjhabayot-eubayot || bãssãjhabanh-eubanh
|-
|-
| Future II|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Future II|| dãnaba-euba busko-euko || dãnabay-eubay busko-euko || dãnabat-eubat busko-euko || dãnabayo-eubayo busko-euko || dãnabayot-eubayot busko-euko || dãnabanh-eubanh busko-euko
|-
|-
| Conditional I || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Conditional I || bãssãjhaumú-eumú || bãssãjhaumúy-eumúy || bãssãjhaumút-eumút || bãssãjhaumúyo-eumúyo || bãssãjhaumúyot-eumúyot ||bãssãjhaumúnh-eumúnh
|-
|-
| Conditional II || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Conditional II || dãnaumú-eumú busko-euko  || dãnaumúy-eumúy busko-euko  || dãnaumút-eumút busko-euko  ||dãnaumúyo-eumúyo busko-euko || dãnaumúyot-eumúyot busko-euko || dãnaumúyot-eumúyot
                                                                                                                                                                                  busko-euko
|-
|-
|}
|}
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!      !! nõhi !!úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !! teãbãõkhé
!      !! nõhi !!úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !! teãbãõkhé
|-
|-
| Present || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Present || bãssãjhé-eué || bãssãjhéy-euéy  || bãssãjhét-euét  || bãssãjhéyo-euéyo || bãssãjhéyot-euéyot ||bãssãjhénh-euénh 
|-
|-
| Imperfect || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Imperfect || bãssãjhaze-euaze  || bãssãjhazey-euazey || bãssãjhazet-euazet  || bãssãjhazeyo-euazeyo ||bãssãjhazeyot-euazeyot  || bãssãjhazenh-euazenh
|-
|-
| Perfect || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Perfect || dãné-eué busko-euko || dãnéy-euéy busko-euko || dãnét-euét busko-euko || dãnéyo-euéyo busko-euko || dãnéyot-euéyot busko-euko || dãnénh-euénh busko-euko
|-
|-
| Past Perfect || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Past Perfect || dãnaze-euaze busko-euko || dãnazey-euazey busko-euko || dãnazet-euazet busko-euko || dãnazeyo-euazeyo busko-euko || dãnazeyot-euazeyot busko-euko || dãnaazenh-euazenh busko-
                                                                                                                                                                                          euko
|-
|-
| Future || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Future || bãssãjhabé-eubé || bãssãjhabéy-eubéy || bãssãjhabét-eubét ||bãssãjhabéyo-eubéyo || bãssãjhabéyot-eubéyot ||bãssãjhabénh-eubénh 
|}
|}
Imperative
Imperative
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!    !! nõhi !! úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !! teãbãõkhé
!    !! nõhi !! úbosh !! nõbéheghelh !! soc'heches'hei !! nol’halhujh !! teãbãõkhé
|-
|-
| Present || - || bassá-eu || - || Example || Example || -
| Present || - || bãssá-eu || - || bãsséyo-euyo || bãsséyot-euyot || -
|}
|}
dãna-eu
dãna-eu
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|-
|-
| Present || - || daná-eu || - || danéyo-euyo || danéyot-euyot || -
| Present || - || daná-eu || - || danéyo-euyo || danéyot-euyot || -
|}
Irregular verbs and modal verbs
Lees'hin has over twenty irregular verbs and four modal verbs. In table below are some lees'hin irregular verbs. Other irregular verbs will be on Contionary.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Infinitive !!1st person present !! particip perfect !! translation
|-
| lhojha-eu|| lhujh-eu  || lhãko-euko || to want
|-
| hátha-eu || hãt-eu || hãko-euko || to drink
|-
| ghema-eu || ghõm-eu || ghiko-euko || to know
|-
| naya-eu || ney-eu || neko-euko || to see
|-
| n'has'ha-eu || nhish || nhako-euko || can
|}
|}
Adverbs
Adverbs
Particles
Particles
Derivational morphology
Derivational morphology

Latest revision as of 19:17, 9 February 2021



Introduction

Lees'hin (lees'hin s'hon) is lees'hinian language spoken in Democratic Republic of Lees'hin (Vas’ha Nhelhuk Lees’hin) by 48 000 native speakers. It was created in 2015. The language has no cognate with natural languages. I wanted to make some very strange language with strange vocubalary. Also Lees'hin is intelligable with 2 other lees'hinian languages. They are Mihrulen and Basti.



Phonology

Orthography

Lees'hin orthography is special, because every letter except y has version with the letter h. For digraphs ch, sh, nh, lh and jh , version with h is c'h s'h, n'h, l'h and j'h.

Letter Name of letter
a akú
ã a kamã
á a acún
b bãh
bh abhú
c ca
ch cha
c'h ac'ha
d da
dh adhe
e ekú
é e acún
f fa
fh efhe
g gu
gh aghe
h hu
i ikú
í i acún
j ja
jh jhe
j'h aj'he
k kã
kh akhã
l la
lh lha
l'h al'he
m ma
mh amhe
n ne
nh nhe
n'h an'he
o okú
õ o kamã
ó o acún
p pu
ph aphú
r ra
rh arha
s se
sh she
s'h as'hé
t tan
th athan
u ukú
ú u acún
v vãku
vh vhãku
y yun
z za
zh azha

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nh /ɲ/ n /ŋ/
Plosive p /p/ b /b/ t /t/ d /d/ k /k/ g /g/
Affricate c /t͡s/ ch /t͡ʃ/ jh /d͡ʒ/
Fricative f /f/ v /v/ s /s/ z /z/ sh /ʃ/ j /ʒ/ *(')h /x/ h /h/
Approximant y /j/
Trill r /r/
Lateral app. l /l/ lh /ʎ/
  • (')h- when h is after consonant it will be pronounced /x/. So in writing exist 2 groups. One is with apostrophe and other has no apostrophe. Group with apostrophe is: s'h, c'h, j'h, l'h and n'h. In other group are consonants that don't need an apostrophe because they can't make another sound. So s'h is written this way to avoid mixing with sh. But gh is written in this way because g with h can't make another phoneme, like sh.

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i, í /i/ u, ú /u/
Close-mid e, é /e/ õ/ɤ/ o, ó /o/
Mid ã /ə/
Open a, á /a/

Prosody

Stress

Stress is mainly on first place. The stress isn't on first place when a word has graphic accent, then the stress falls where an acute accent is found. Lees'hin has one accent, acute. Vowels can be short or long. A vowel is short if the following vowel isn't the same as proceeding vowel. A vowel is long if after a vowel comes the same vowel.

Intonation

Intonation in Lees'hin is the same as in English.

Phonotactics

In Lees'hin are permissible all combinations with h, eg, bh, ch, c'h, sh, s'h... All syllables must have at least one vowel. Nouns cannot end with a vowel.

Morphology

Lees'hin has 6 cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumenatal). Verbs are inflected through 2 numbers, 2 voices, 3 moods( indicative , subjunctive, imperative), 9 tenses in indicative, 5 in subjunctive and only 1 in imperative. Nouns differ from adjectives. Adjectives differ from verbs.


Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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