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|type = book | |||
|text = [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|'''{{PAGENAME}}''']] is the incipit of a famed section in the [[w:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]], an epic Mesopotamian poem, and one of the earliest surviving works of literature. | |||
}} | |||
{{List translations}} | |||
{{Text translation widget}} | |||
==English== | |||
<center> | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
<poem> | |||
Ishtar spoke to her father, Anu, saying: | |||
"Father, give me the Bull of Heaven, | |||
so he can kill Gilgamesh in his dwelling. | |||
If you do not give me the Bull of Heaven, | |||
I will knock down the Gates of the Netherworld, | |||
I will smash the door posts, and leave the doors flat down, | |||
and will let the dead go up to eat the living! | |||
And the dead will outnumber the living!" | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
<!-- Categories --> | |||
[[Category:Translation exercises]] | |||
[[Category:Myths and legends]] | |||
[[Category:Chlouvānem]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Cwengâr]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Fejãto]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Valian]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Anrish]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Soc'ul']] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Luthic]] | |||
== Anrish == | |||
<center> | |||
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | |||
|- | |||
|<big>※ᚼᛁᚱᛁᚾᛖ‧ᛆᛏᚮ‧ᛄᚢᚱᚢᚴ‧ᛁᚦᛏᚭᚱ‧‧ᛒᛁᛌᛁᛖᚭᚢᛌᛖ</big> | |||
|''Hírene æto (Anu) púruð Ishtar, bin-jeuáe:'' | |||
|<small>⁄ ˈhiːrene ˌai̯do ˈpuːruð ˈiʃdar binjeˈu̯a.e ǁ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>᛭‧᛬ᚮ᛬ᚴᚭᚴᚭᛌ᛬‧ᛘᛁᚱ‧ᛏᚭᚱᚠᚭ‧ᚾᛁᚠᛁᚾᚮ‧ᛦᚾᛏ‧</big> | |||
|''«o Datá! mír Tarba Nífeno ynt,'' | |||
|<small>o daˈda ǀ mir ˈtarva ˌniːveno iɤ̯nd ǀ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>‧ᛆ‧ᚷᛁᛚᚷᚭᛘᛖᚦ‧ᚹᛆᚢᛖᚴ‧ᛦ‧‧ᛒᛁᛌ‧ᛒᚢᚾᛖ‧ᛖᚱᛖ᛬</big> | |||
|''æ Gilgamesh hlaueð y, bì búne ere.'' | |||
|<small>ai̯ ˈgilgameʃ ˈɬau̯eð iɤ̯, bi ˈbuːne ere ǁ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>᛬ᛏᚭᛌ‧ᛘᛁᚱ‧ᛏᚭᚱᚠᚭ‧ᚾᛁᚠᛁᚾᚮ‧ᛖᛌ‧ᚴᚭᛖ‧</big> | |||
|''Tà mír Tarba Nífeno nin-ynt,'' | |||
|<small>ˈta mir ˈtarva ˌniːveno niˈniɤ̯nd ǀ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>‧ᛄᚮᚱᚴᛁᚾᚢᚱ‧ᚮᚹᛖᛌ‧ᚢᛖᛚᛁᚾᚮ‧ᚾᛖᛁᛏᛁᚮ‧ᛘᛆᛁ‧</big> | |||
|''portenur Ólhé ueleno neitio mea,'' | |||
|<small>ˈpordenur oːˌɬe ˈweleno ˈnei̯dio mea̯ ǀ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>‧ᛞᛦᚹᛁᚾᚢᚱ‧ᛄᛖᚱᛄᚮ‧‧ᛁᚮ‧ᚴᛦᚱᛁᚾᚢᚱ‧ᛚᛖᚭᚾᚮ‧ᛆ‧ᛚᛁᛖᚾᚮ‧</big> | |||
|''sylhenur perpo, jo dyrenur leono æ líeno,'' | |||
|<small>ˈsi̯ɤɬenur ˌperbo ǀ jo ˈdi̯ɤrenur ˌleo̯no ai̯ ˈliːeno ǀ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>‧᛬ᛁᚮ‧ᚢᚮᛚᛁᛘᛁᛌ‧ᛦᚾᛖ‧ᛆ‧ᚾᛖᚱᚮᚾᛏᚢᚾᚢᚱ‧ᚭᛏᛖᛌ᛬‧</big> | |||
|''jo uolemí yne æ nerontunur até!'' | |||
|<small>ˌjo woleˈmi ˌiɤ̯ne ai̯ ˈnerondunur aˈde ǁ</small> | |||
|- | |||
|<big>᛬ᛁᚮ‧ᚼᛁᛖ‧ᚢᚮᛚᚢᚾᚢᚱ‧ᛁᛘᚱᚭ‧ᚾᛖᚱᚮᚾᛏᛁᛘᛁᛌ᛬᛭</big> | |||
|''Jo híe uolunur imra nerontemí.»'' | |||
|<small>jo ˌhie ˈwolunur ˈimra ˌnerondeˈmi ⁄</small> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
==Chlouvānem== | |||
<center> | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
</br> | |||
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | |||
|- | |||
|<big>iṣtara mæn anu ga būnom elīce dhāḍirek,</big> | |||
|Ishtar.<small>DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. Anu. <small>ADP</small>. father-<small>DAT.SG</small>. like_this. express.<small>IND.PAST-EXP-INTERIOR-3SG.COMMON</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>"būnē, ilēnīyi snīdbhas lum męlimo,</big> | |||
|father-<small>VOC.SG</small>. heaven-<small>GEN.SG</small>. bull.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>1SG.DAT</small>. give-<small>EXP-OPT.IMPF.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>gilgameṣu amahe kautedrēt.</big> | |||
|Gilgamesh-<small>ACC</small>. abode-<small>LOC.SG</small>. kill<small>‹AGENT›-SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>pū ilēnīyi snīdbhas lum nę gu męlyē ša,</big> | |||
|if. heaven-<small>GEN.SG</small>. bull.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>1SG.DAT</small>. <small>2SG.HIGH_FORMAL.ERG</small>. <small>NEG=</small>give.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR=NEG</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>mārim uḍūkijāṇi geiraih šutayanārāltam,</big> | |||
|then. netherworld-<small>GEN.SG</small>. door-<small>ACC.PL</small>. down-<small>AGENT</small>-push.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>geirjagdhrāṣa vandayutugāltam sama geiraih tokte ilįnāltaṃte,</big> | |||
|door_post-<small>ACC.DU</small>. break_into_pieces<small>‹AGENT›-IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR</small>. and. door-<small>ACC.PL</small>. lie_down-<small>INF</small>. leave-<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>sama lildhavih yųlētte uḍūkāsām āntayiħīlunūdāltam.</big> | |||
|and. living_being-<small>ACC.PL</small> eat-<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. dead-<small>DAT.PL</small>. upwards-<small>AGENT</small>-walk.<small>MONODIR-PERMIS.IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|<big>sama uḍūkē lildhūnīs narenanūnyāhai!"</big> | |||
|and. dead-<small>DIR.PL</small>. living_being-<small>ABL.PL</small>. outnumber.<small>IND.FUTINT.EXP.3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
==Cwengâr== | |||
<center> | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
<poem> | |||
Tengâr Ishar dà le nàlh, hÀnu, rŷ cwâr: | |||
"Â hàl! Pelârh rhà êlhônàf norhogw tash, | |||
pen Gwônugw lho G'hôlagamesh gwô lho n âcwemaff. | |||
Amelârh rhà êlhônàf norhogw tash, | |||
O Dôrhôc'hâl ty gwôn hâraff nêramâf, | |||
O Dômôd ty hêramâf ngânâcw ô gwômesôlh ty ud lhur nâg'h âramâf | |||
O Dôngône ty ud tagw gwônàf shelhàf! | |||
O Dône gwônàf ffen ral shelhàf! | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
==Fejãto== | |||
{{center| | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
<poem> | |||
Ishtar prãgunejes noç leçu tamuç, da Anu, ethurejeçendo-leç: | |||
«Tamilo, liu saj doe borudeose dam egulaçem, | |||
hã laç mosares nojodersa Gilgames fel norha laçem. | |||
ret nosa saj liu do borudeo da egulaç voke, | |||
Jue peto akelarsa dos gateros de dejoa noram. | |||
Jue peto lejiersa des teles des gateries, im ledo des gateries kusa noram, | |||
</poem> | |||
}} | |||
===Gloss=== | |||
1.Ishtar prãgunejes noç leçu tam, da Anu, ethurejeçendo-leç:<br /> | |||
Ishtar talk.PAST to her father.ACC the Anu say.PAST-her,<br /> | |||
Ishtar talked to her father, (the great) Anu, saying:<br /> | |||
2.«Tamilo, liu saj doe borudeose dam egulaçem,<br /> | |||
Father.DIM give me the.DAT bull.DAT the.GEN heaven.GEN<br /> | |||
Father (diminutive/endearing), give me the bull of heaven,<br /> | |||
3.hã laç mosares nojodersa Gilgames fel norha laçem.<br /> | |||
So he may kill Gilgames in house his.GEN<br /> | |||
So he may kill Gilgamesh in his house.<br /> | |||
4.ret nosa saj liu doe borudeose dam egulaçem voke,<br /> | |||
If you me give the.DAT bull.DAT the.GEN heaven.GEN not,<br /> | |||
If you do not give me the bull of heaven,<br /> | |||
5.Jue peto akelersa dos gateros dem dejoam noram.<br /> | |||
I will break.SECONDARY the.PLURAL gates the.GEN underworld.GEN down<br /> | |||
I will break the gates of the Netherworld down<br /> | |||
6.Jue peto lejiersa des teles desem gateriesem, im ledo des gateries kusa noram,<br /> | |||
I will smash.SECONDARY the.PLURAL post.PLURAL the.PLURAL.GEN gate.PLURAL.DIM and leave the.PLURAL gate.PLURAL.GEN flat down<br /> | |||
I will smash the doorposts, and leave the doors flat down<br /> | |||
==Rencadian== | |||
<center> | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
<poem> | |||
Pæ Isjtar æn Anu, cæw nefnidh, menfarnasj: | |||
"Nefnidh, æm pilcæmnæth nunør ændilre, | |||
thwi λusjech me htæsjec Gilgamæsjeth nowbesteth. | |||
Mechos tjæn æm pilcæmnæth nunør ol medhilre, | |||
Sjim liyntsnøth re hngæfnæ dhin methuceste, | |||
sjim fræych-ciymoltnøth mechaσnasj, dhe fræychnøth binderz mehærfre, | |||
dhe sjim nowbangnøth mevezothø, æn huσâsj æn viycelthnøth ithø! | |||
Dhe sjin nowbangnø viycelthnøth medhoascelhuwzæme!" | |||
ɤˠ.ʷɘɷʱʔ.ˠʞ.ʱʞˀɭɭ.ʟˠɚ.ʞˀɤːʞʷʭːɭɭ.ʏˀʞɤːʱʔʞʱɘɿ | |||
[ʞˀɤːʞʷʭːɭɭ.ˠʏ.ɤʷcʟˠʏʞˠɷː.ʞ˧˥ʞʶʔ.ˠʞʭʷcʔˀɭɭ | |||
ɷːɚʷ.ɧ˧˥ɘˀʟː.ʏˀ.ɵːɷˠɘˀʟ.ʊʷcʊʱʏˠɘˀɷː.ʞˁɚʌˀɵɷˀɷːɭ | |||
ʏˀʟːˁɵ.ɯˠʞ.ˠʏ.ɤʷcʟˠʞʏˠɷː.ʞ˧˥ʞʶʔ.ˁc.ʏˀʭːʷcʔˀɭɭ | |||
ɘʷʏ.cʷʘʞʕʞʶɷː.ʔˀ.ɘːʁˠɤːʞˠ.ʭːʷʞ.ʏˀɷː˧˥ʟˀɵɷˀɭɭ | |||
ɘʷʏ.ɤːʔˠʘʟːǀʟʷʘʏˁcɷʞʶɷː.ʏˀʟːʱɸʞʱɘɭɭ.ʭːˀ.ɤːʔˠʘʟːʞʶɷː.ʌʷʞʭˀʔɶ.ʏˀɵːˠʔɤːʔˀɭɭ | |||
ʭːˀ.ɘʷʏ.ʞˁɚʌʱʁʞʶɷː.ʏˀʌːˀɶˁɷːʶɭɭ.ˠʞ.ːʷɸʱʱɘ.ˠʞ.ʌːʷʘʟˀcɷːʞʶɷː.ʷɷːʶʂ | |||
ʭːˀ.ɘʷʞ.ʞˁɚʌʱʁʞʶ.ʌːʷʘʟˀcɷːʞʶɷː.ʏˀʭːˁʱɵʟˀcɵʘ˧˥ɚɶˠʏˀʂ] | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
==Valian== | |||
<center> | |||
:''Adapted from an English translation of the Akkadian version, from Tablet VI''. | |||
<poem> | |||
Istar käenama Torminä, Anu, käenamast nee: | |||
"Tormitä, lahetu tarvas vilyain, | |||
nukkestina Kiilgame, nee saa ëksanä. | |||
laheestilyakatust tarvas vilyain, | |||
üga pakkate Mandoin Süüra | |||
ügast haudante mandotarvasid | |||
ügast lantalasse' mandoin | |||
ügast kevate elennain vastaan vaa tundusin lennain, | |||
ügast maganänanun! | |||
puuliestinän elennain lennain! | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
===Gloss=== | |||
<center> | |||
<poem> | |||
Istar spoke father-her, Anu, spoke-and she: | |||
"Father-mine, give-me bull heavens, | |||
kill-may-he Gilgamesh, he in home-his. | |||
give-opt-not-thou-me-and bull heavens, | |||
then knock-I door-pl dark_world | |||
then-and destroy-I-and door;tree;dual | |||
then-and fall-they-pas.opt;and doors-pl | |||
then-and forgive/allow unliving to_wander up_into the lands living-pl | |||
then-and they-eat-them | |||
outnumber-may-they-and unliving-pl living-pl! | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
== Soc'ul' == | |||
<poem> | |||
<center> | |||
'''Xauc Ishtar cé hé, Anu, āhxauc: | |||
'''"Cuoj cé, corxec Diux Ñēyan, | |||
'''c'ez c'e cur Gilgamesh ñe nu eý. | |||
'''Ih xen corxec Diux Ñēyan, | |||
'''uc' setncñ'ebeax Ñeidíl' Aian, | |||
'''uc' cuvuyax róño, cuñéz ñéiad' āhusuíz, | |||
'''uc' sehb'ei sehcuj ez' lád āhú a ez' il! | |||
'''Uc' hazen cuder' cuder' ez' lád ez' il je!" | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Xauc Ishtar cé hé, Anu, āh-xauc: | |||
|speak Ishtar father CL2.INAL Anu REL-say | |||
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Cuoj cé, cor-xec Diux Ñēyan, | |||
|VOC father 2>1-give {beast of burden} ñēyan | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|c'ez c'e cur Gilgamesh ñe nu eý. | |||
|{{gcl|RES|resultative}} {{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}} kill Gilgamesh dwelling CL2.POSS in | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Ih xen corxec Diux Ñēyan, | |||
|if NEG 2>1-give {beast of burden} ñēyan, | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|uc' setn-cñ'ebe-ax Ñeidíl' Aian, | |||
|SUBJ 1>CL3-collapse-CAUS gate.PL aian | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|uc' cu-vuy-ax róño, cu-ñéz ñéiad' āh-u-suíz, | |||
|SUBJ 1>CL5-rupture-CAUS {door post} 1>CL5-leave door.PL REL-CL5>CL5-lie | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|uc' seh-b'ei seh-cuj ez' lád āh-ú a ez' il! | |||
|SUBJ 1>CL2-allow 1>CL2-rise NZ.CL2 dead REL-eat ACC.CL2 NZ.CL2 living | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Uc' hazen {cuder' cuder'} ez' lád ez' il je!" | |||
|Subj COP.CL2>CL2 {too much} NZ.CL2 dead NZ.CL2 living to | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
== Luthic == | |||
<center> | |||
<poem> | |||
Inanna rodit du seinȧ fadari, Anu, rogiando: | |||
“Fadar, gevâ mis lȯ torȯ hemênicȯ, | |||
sva dauþarât Gilgamesce nal·la seina bauvaene. | |||
Si non mis gevas lȯ torȯ hemênicȯ, | |||
demolirô los Cancellos i Nedargardi, | |||
sfracellô los gambaticos e lasciarô las portas abbassatas, | |||
e letarô los dauþos ascendere faur mazzare los vivos! | |||
Ed i dauþi sorpassaranno los vivos!” | |||
</poem> | |||
</center> |
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