Literature talk:Be prepared: Difference between revisions

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'''Pandoga''' is a triconsonantal language with an Indic aesthetic.


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==Introduction==
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==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
There are 22 consonants in Pandoga (as in Hebrew!)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || ||  ||
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || || || '''h''' /h/
|-
| Voiced fricative || || || '''z''' /z/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
| Lateral || || || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || || ||
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || ||
|}
===Vowels===
Pandoga has an unusual 5 vowel system:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Romanization !! IPA
|-
| a || /ɐ/
|-
| ā || /a:/
|-
| e || /e:/
|-
| i || /i/
|-
| o || /o:/
|}
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
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===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
Pandoga uses roots consisting of three consonants. An example is P-Ṇ-B 'to write':
* ''paṇoba'' = writer
* ''paṇabeti'' =
* ''capṇaboti'' =
===Nouns===
Nouns inflect for definiteness and state (absolute/construct) and may include possessive affixes. A sample noun:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!''paṇoba'' "writer" !! !! Singular possessor !! Plural possessor
|-
|colspan=2| Indefinite
|colspan=2| paṇoba
|-
|colspan=2| Definite
|colspan=2| paṇobahe
|-
|rowspan=3|Construct
|1st person || paṇabora || paṇabaroṇa
|-
|2nd person || paṇaboda || paṇabadoṇa
|-
|3rd person
|colspan=2 | paṇaba
|}
Nouns typically fall into three ablaut patterns: a-type, e-type and o-type. ''Paṇoba'' is an o-type noun, where the o becomes an a in the construct state.
* ''homa'' (legume) → ''hama''
In e-type nouns, the e in the noun becomes an a, but the preceding vowel shifts: a becomes i, ā becomes e, and ō becomes a. If the only vowel in the noun is e, ...
[to add later]
===Verbs===
Verbs inflect for aspect, number and transitivity, but not tense.
There are seven binyanim in Pandoga, as in Hebrew:
* PaRoHa = active simple
* PaReHa = active intensive
* camaPRoHa = active causative
* kaPaRHoṇa = reflexive
* PiRHota = passive causative
* malaPReHa = passive intensive
* maPReHa = passive simple
The formant "m" in the active causative and passive simple forms turns into an "n" when the next consonant is labial, so the actual forms are "canaproha" and "napreha".
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
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==Example texts==
==Other resources==
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Root-and-pattern languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 02:13, 10 January 2019

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