Literature talk:Be prepared: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Учхљёная moved page Pandoga to Literature talk:Be prepared without leaving a redirect: Deleting per creator request.)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Pandoga''' is a triconsonantal language with an Indic aesthetic.


<!--
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
-->
==Sketchbook==
beauty of = -logy
==Introduction==
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
There are 22 consonants in Pandoga (as in Hebrew!)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || ||  ||
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || || || '''h''' /h/
|-
| Voiced fricative || || || '''z''' /z/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
| Lateral || || || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || || ||
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || ||
|}
===Vowels===
Pandoga has an unusual 5 vowel system:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Romanization !! IPA
|-
| a || /ɐ/
|-
| ā || /a:/
|-
| e || /e:/
|-
| i || /i/
|-
| o || /o:/
|}
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
Pandoga uses a consonantal root system like the Semitic languages. Most roots have three consonants but some may have two or four (the latter occurs mostly in reduplicated or onomatopoeic roots like J-Ṇ-J-Ṇ "to glitter")
===Nouns===
There is no grammatical gender in Pandoga, even in pronouns.
===Verbs===
Pandoga verbs come in many binyanim: [list]
Each binyan has a conjugated form for the perfective aspect, as well as active and passive participles, a conjunctive and a verbal noun. Binyanim are typically named by the active participial form of the root P-R-H.
====Binyan ''PaRoHa''====
This is the simplest binyan which expresses the basic meaning of a root. Here is a typical PaRoHa verb, ''paṇoba'' (write):
*Perfective conjugation ''paṇabo-'' (active), ''capṇabo-'' (passive)
*Active participle ''paṇoba''
*Passive participle ''capṇoba''
*Conjunctive ''paṇaboṭi'', ''capṇaboṭi''
*Verbnoun ''paṇba''
The personal affixes are as follows:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4" |
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''-ṇa''
|''-ṇara'' (inclusive), ''-ṇi'' (exclusive)
|-
!|2
|''-ra''
|''-ri''
|-
!|2
|''-ta''
|''-ti''
|}
====Binyan ''PaReHa''====
This generally expresses an ''intensive'' meaning, though in some cases it works like a causative or an applicative. It's also commonly used to verb nominal roots. An example: "paṇeba" (to take notes)
*Perfective conjugation ''paṇabe-'' (active), ''capṇabe-'' (passive)
*Active participle ''paṇeba''
*Passive participle ''capṇeba''
*Conjunctive ''paṇabeṭi'', ''capṇabeṭi''
*Verbnoun ''piṇba''
====Defective binyanim====
Pandoga has a few binyanim which do not have conjugated or participial forms. An example is the binyan ''malPaRaHo-'' which is analogous to the German prefix ''er-''
==Syntax==
Unlike most Semitic languages, Pandoga is head-final and SVO (though SOV is also permissible).
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Root-and-pattern languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 02:13, 10 January 2019