Luthic: Difference between revisions

'''Insertional code-switching''' is often referred to as “borrowing” or “tag-switching”, when lexical items from a secondary language are introduced into the primary language. These loan words are partially or fully assimilated into the secondary language, conforming to its phonological and morphological structure. Insertional code-switching serves a “pragmatic purpose, acting as sentence enhancers or indicating the speaker's attitude towards the context of an utterance.”

* '''Standard Italian:''' La notte è bella. Le stelle brillano e la luna è piena.

The borrowed words can be integrated into the host language either partially or entirely, taking into account their phonological and morphological structure.

!colspan="4"|Swadesh list

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| '''2.''' þû [ˈθu] “you” || '''54.''' acranȯ [aˈkɾa.no] “fruit” || '''106.''' ogare [oˈɡa.ɾe] “to fear” || '''158.''' molda [ˈmɔl.dɐ] “dust”

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| '''4.''' vi [vi] “we” || '''56.''' laufo [ˈlɔ.fu] “leaf” || '''108.''' vivere [viˈve.ɾe] “to live” || '''160.''' molmano [mɔlˈma.nu] “sand”

| '''5.''' gi [d͡ʒi] “you” ||''' 57.''' vaurte [ˈvɔɾ.te] “root” || '''109.''' sveltare [zvɛlˈta.ɾe] “to die” || '''161.''' nêbola [ˈne.ʋo.lɐ] “fog”

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| '''7.''' so [su] sa [sɐ] þata [θɐ.θɐ] “this” || '''59.''' bloma [ˈblo.mɐ] “flower” || '''111.''' lottare [lotˈta.ɾe] “to fight” || '''163.''' vendo [ˈven.du] “wind”

| '''14.''' can [kɐn] “when” || '''66.''' grassa [ˈɡɾas.sɐ] “fat” || '''118.''' gravare [ɡɾɐˈva.ɾe] “to dig” || '''170.''' strada [ˈstɾa.ð̞ɐ] “road”

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| '''16.''' non [non] “not” || '''68.''' haurnȯ [ˈhɔɾ.no] “horn” || '''120.''' fliugare [fljuˈɡa.ɾe] “to fly” || '''172.''' rosso [ˈʁɔs.su] “red”

| '''21.''' anþero [ɐ̃ˈt͡θe.ɾu] “other” || '''73.''' oreccla [oˈʁek.klɐ] “ear” || '''125.''' stare [ˈsta.ɾe]. “stand” || '''177.''' natto [ˈnat.tu] “night”

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| '''23.''' tvi [ˈtvi] “two” || '''75.''' naso [ˈna.zu] “nose” || '''127.''' driusare [dɾjuˈza.ɾe] “to fall” || '''179.''' giar [d͡ʒɐɾ] “year”

| '''31.''' pesante [peˈzan.te] “heavy” || '''83.''' mano [ˈma.nu] “hand” || '''135.''' spiggere [spiŋˈɡe.ɾe] “to push” || '''187.''' macio [ˈma.t͡ʃu] “rotten”

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| '''33.''' scaurto [ˈskɔɾ.tu] “short” || '''85.''' qeþo [ˈkᶣe.θu] “belly” || '''137.''' bendare [benˈda.ɾe] “to tie” || '''189.''' dritto [ˈdɾit.tu] “straight”

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| '''35.''' sottile [sotˈti.le] “thin” || '''87.''' collo [ˈkɔl.lo] “neck” || '''139.''' contare [konˈta.ɾe] “to count” || '''191.''' scarfo [ˈskaɾ.p͡fu] “sharp”

| '''36.''' qena [ˈkᶣe.nɐ] “woman” || '''88.''' dorsȯ [ˈdɔɾ.t͡so] “back” || '''140.''' rogiare [ʁoˈd͡ʒa.ɾe] “to say” || '''192.''' smussato [zmusˈsa.θu] “dull”

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| '''39.''' bambino [bamˈbi.nu] “child” || '''91.''' figatȯ [fiˈɡa.θo] “liver” || '''143.''' flotore [floˈto.ɾe] “to float” || '''195.''' þaurso [ˈθɔɾ.t͡su] “dry”

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| '''41.''' abno [ˈab.nu] “husband” || '''93.''' mangiare [mɐnˈd͡ʒa.ɾe] “to eat” || '''145.''' glacciare [ɡlɐtˈt͡ʃa.ɾe] “to freeze” || '''197.''' vicino [viˈt͡ʃi.nu] “near”

| '''44.''' animale [ɐ.niˈma.le] “animal” || '''96.''' speivare [spiˈva.ɾe] “to spit” || '''148.''' luna [ˈlu.nɐ] “moon” || '''200.''' sinistra [siˈnis.tɾɐ] “left”

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| '''46.''' foglo [ˈfo.ɡlu] “bird” || '''98.''' soffiare [sofˈfja.ɾe] “to blow” || '''150.''' vadne [ˈvad.ne] “water” || '''202''' in [in] “in”

| '''48.''' pidocclo [piˈð̞ɔk.klu] “louse” || '''100.''' clahare [klɐˈha.ɾe] “to laugh” || '''152.''' aca [ˈa.xɐ] “river” || '''204.''' e [e] ed [e‿ð̞] “and”

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| '''50.''' vaurmo [ˈvɔɾ.mu] “worm” || '''102.''' hausare [hɔˈza.ɾe] “to hear” || '''154.''' mareina [mɐˈʁi.na] “sea” || '''206.''' faurcê [fɔɾˈt͡ʃe] “because”

| '''51.''' trivȯ [ˈtɾi.vo] “tree” || '''103.''' ġnoscere [ɲoʃˈʃe.ɾe] “to know” || '''155.''' sale [ˈsa.le] “salt” || '''207.''' namnȯ [ˈnam.no] “name”

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| [[w:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] || ''Hún æ fyrir metur glugganum lókar.'' (obsolete or altered)  <br />''Hún lokar alltaf glugganum áður en hún borðar.'' (standard [[w:Icelandic language|Modern Icelandic]]) <br />''Hún lokar alltaf glugganum fyrir mat.'' (also correct)

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| '''Upper Luthic''' || ''(Lei) galucet aif la finestar faur id cenar / mazzar.''

! width="33%"|IPA

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| Buona maurgina || Good morning || [ˈbwɔ.nɐ ˈmɔɾ.d͡ʒi.nɐ]

| Cantas rasdas rogias? || How many languages do you speak? || [ˈkan.tɐs ˈʁaz.dɐs ˈʁo.d͡ʒɐs]

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| Sciȯ <br >Non sciȯ || I understand <br >I don’t understand || [ˈʃi.o] <br >[non ˈʃi.o]

# Monþȯ al·lȯ volfȯ: calqued from Italian [[wikt:in bocca al lupo|in bocca al lupo]], equivalent to [[wikt:break a leg|break a leg]], [[wikt:good luck|good luck]]; literally, “in the wolf’s mouth”.

# Dauþit lȯ volfȯ: calqued from Italian [[wikt:crepi il lupo|crepi in lupo]], an answer similar to “thank you”; literally, “may the wolf die”.

# Veġlare anþerȯ pomȯdorȯ: an expression for someones who is ''asking for special treatment''; literally, “to want another tomato”.

# La fame laþot pasta, agque si inu salsȧ: equivalent to [[wikt:desperate times call for desperate measures|desperate times call for desperate measures]]; literally, “Hunger calls for pasta, even if without sauce”.

# L’amore dominat inu regolam: somewhat equivalent to [[wikt:all's fair in love and war|all’s fair in love and war]]; literally, “Love rules without rules”.

# Stoppau di rogiare fragquese: an expression asking for someone ''to be straightforward and speak one’s mind''; literally, “Stop speaking French”.

# Imparasti fragquese, nu rogiâ: equivalent to [[wikt:make one's bed and lie in it|make one’s bed and lie in it]]; literally, “You learnt French, now speak it”.

# Il þeino sale stâþ dolce: equivalent to [[wikt:out of one's mind|out of one’s mind]]; literally, “Your salt is sweet”.

# Havere managos casos faul·lȯ dativȯ: equivalent to [[wikt:wear too many hats|wear too many hats]]; literally, “Have too many usages for the dative”, a joke about the many usages of the dative case in Luthic.

# Rogiando dȧ diavolȧ: equivalent to [[wikt:speak of the devil|speak of the devil]], with the same literal translation.

# Il pomodoro non taugit lȯ capocuocȯ: equivalent to [[wikt:clothes don't make the man|clothes don’t make the man]]; literally, “The tomato doesn’t make the chef”.

# Cosa ist marcia in Roma: equivalent to [[wikt:something is rotten in the state of Denmark|something is rotten in the state of Denmark]]; literally, “Something is rotten in Rome”.

# Scimmia non dauþat scimmia: equivalent to ''honour among thieves''; literally, “Monkey doesn’t kill monkey”.

# Þata ist Italiana mis: equivalent to [[wikt:it's all Greek to me|it’s all Greek to me]]; literally, “This is Italian to me”.

# Vivere grande ed al·la franquesa: an expression for ''living in extravagance'', '''to live in luxury''; literally, “To live big and French”, mocking the French lifestyle.

# Possere drigcare velenȯ ana þata: equivalent to [[wikt:bet one's bottom dollar|bet one’s bottom dollar]]; literally, “To can drink poison on that”.