Maghrebi Azalic: Difference between revisions

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Line 53: Line 53:
| ''ix''
| ''ix''
|-
|-
! Past (from perfect of עָשָׂה 'to do')
! Past (from aorist *dʰéh₁t of *dʰeh₁ 'to do')
| ''si ni, sit i, sit ni''
| ''tem i''
| ''sit to''
| ''ted u''
| ''sit te''
| ''ted khê''
| ''so u''
| ''ted si''
| ''sto hi''
| ''ted it''
| ''sin nu''
| ''tem gia''
| ''sit tem''
| ''ted u''
| ''su'm''
| ''ten da''
| ''so/sto''
| ''ted''
|-
|-
! Future/Subjunctive (from imperfect of עָשָׂה 'to do')
! Future/Subjunctive (from imperfect of עָשָׂה 'to do')

Revision as of 17:13, 11 February 2020

Maghrebi Azalic (lit. [the language] of those who say đâu [for '2']) is an Azalic language. It is closer to English than other Azalic languages are, but still a separate language. It is inspired by Vietnamese.

It is in the Ăn Yidiș-Cubrite sprachbund.

Morphology

Nouns

Two cases (nominative and genitive), no gender

  • Genitive singular is always -x or -ơx
  • Plural is always nom. -i, gen. -xi

Umlaut, known in Lõis as affection, is used for some plurals.

Verbs

Only the imperative/infinitive survives in lexical verbs.

Auxiliaries

Maghrebi Azalic has an auxiliary verb system similar to Colloquial Welsh. In addition, there is a T-V distinction: the 2nd person plural u is also used as a polite pronoun.

  • Re Dovíð ngaw šun. = David is about to sleep.
  • Biuth re Dovíð ngaw šun = When David is about to sleep
Various auxiliaries in Maghrebi Azalic
→ Person I thou he she it we blotp they Non-pronominal
Present (sêu is from *seq̇ 'see') im dur khês sis its giar ulơr dar sêu
Interrogative am i ar du ix khê ix si ix it ar gia ar ul ar da ix
Past (from aorist *dʰéh₁t of *dʰeh₁ 'to do') tem i ted u ted khê ted si ted it tem gia ted u ten da ted
Future/Subjunctive (from imperfect of עָשָׂה 'to do') ąs i tąs to tąs te yąs u tąs hi nąs nu tąsu tem yąsu'm yąs/tąs
Passive present (from imperfect of עָבַר 'to pass') ur ni, ur i tur to tri te yur u tur hi nur nu tru tem ru'm yur/tur
Passive past (from perfect of עָבַר 'to pass') var ni, var i, vart i vart to vart te var u vro hi varn nu vart tem vru'm var/vro
"May" (from imperfect of לָקַח 'to take') kekh i tkekh to tkekh te kekh u tkekh hi kekh nu tkekhu tem kekhu'm kekh/tkekh/kekhu
"Do X more" - present (from imperfect of הוֹסִיף 'to add') usif i tusif to tusif te yusif u tusif hi nusif nu tusif tem yusifu'm usift/tusif/yusifu
"Do X more" - past (from perfect of הוֹסִיף 'to add') seft i seft to seft te sif u sifø hi sef nu seft tem sifu'm sif/sifu
Cautionary (from imperfect of זָמַם 'to scheme') zum i tøzum to tøzum te zum u tøzum hi nøzum nu tøzmu tem zmu'm zum/tøzum/zmu
"X well" - present (from imperfect of הֵיטִיב 'to do well') attev i tattev to tattvi te yattev u tattev hi nattev nu tattev tem yattevu'm yattev/tattev/yattevu
"X well" - past (from perfect of הֵיטִיב 'to do well') ettevt i ettevt to ettevt te ettev u ettivø hi ettev nu ettevt tem ettevu'm ettev
Cautionary future

The auxiliary for the cautionary future comes from the Biblical Hebrew verb *zāmam 'to scheme'. It's used to:

  • warn the listener of a future event or contingency:
    • Zum sąraz tha lovu fu kol ngeth. = 'The storm might come here any moment.'
    • Zum tafkestaz mul lith kovuą hettev! = 'The map might not be well-defined! [in a hypothetical math lecture, cautioning against a tacit assumption the audience might make]'
  • often used in a threatening manner, for example: Lakh to mul yedhą ma zum i ląsuth lakh to! = 'You have no idea what I'm gonna do to you!'

Object pronouns

Object pronouns are not different from subject pronouns, except kho/khe/khem may be found instead of to/te/tem in some dialects.