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Naeng: Difference between revisions
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'''Naeng''' (''fi brits Dămea'' /vɪ brits dəmɛ/ or ''fi brits Neng'' /... naeŋ/; [[Eevo]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymee'' or ''a łynǿñ Neng'') is a [[Lakovic]] language belonging to the Naengic branch. It is also known as '''Ashanian''' (e.g. ''ne Qaśenin'' in [[Netagin]], specifically for Classical Naeng, '' | '''Naeng''' (''fi brits Dămea'' /vɪ brits dəmɛ/ or ''fi brits Neng'' /... naeŋ/; [[Eevo]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymee'' or ''a łynǿñ Neng'') is a [[Lakovic]] language belonging to the Naengic branch. It is also known as '''Ashanian''' (e.g. ''ne Qaśenin'' in [[Netagin]], specifically for Classical Naeng, ''zinAxān'' /sinaʃaːn/ in [[Naquian]]) or '''Tergetian''' (e.g. ''døluder Terged'' in [[Tseer]], ''tergetosin'' in [[Clofabosin]]) in various Trician languages. It is more distantly related to [[Tseer]], [[Ksieh]] and other Lakovic languages. | ||
Modern Naeng is a revived koine/lingua franca/creole arising from various Classical Naeng reading and interpretive traditions, and some scholars believe that Modern Naeng grammar doesn't directly continue that of Classical Naeng. An even more unorthodox view proposed by modern linguist | Modern Naeng is a revived koine/lingua franca/creole arising from various Classical Naeng reading and interpretive traditions, and some scholars believe that Modern Naeng grammar doesn't directly continue that of Classical Naeng. An even more unorthodox view proposed by modern linguist Lămanoa Wadangpaş is that Modern Naeng should be thought of as a Lakovic-Netagin-Nurian hybrid language, unlike Tseer and [[Tergetian vernaculars]] which are true Lakovic languages; he thinks Modern Naeng is in part a relexification of Netagin and Nurian with Classical Naeng words, and he proposes that it be renamed to ''fi brits Biechănd'' or the Bjeheondian language. This hypothesis is challenged by Prăfin of Bălang and other scholars of creoles and sprachbunds in Tricin, who cited various historical intermediate stages of Naeng which appeared in writing (e.g. works by Etsoj Jopah) and in folk songs. For example, the polite pronoun ''Pra'' (from ''pida'' 'sage'), which is post-Classical, is found in ___'s letters. | ||
Today, Naeng is the majority language of Pategia and Quintlopetl, and a prominent minority language of the [[Verse:Tricin/USB|USB]] and [[Verse:Tricin/Tumhan|Tumhan]]. In [[Talma]] Classical Naeng was replaced with vernacular Naeng varieties (called the [[Tergetian vernaculars|Tergetian languages]]) and other languages. It forms the [[Bjeheond]]ian sprachbund with [[Netagin]] vernaculars, [[Trây]], [[Gwnax]], and most other Bjeheondian languages. | Today, Naeng is the majority language of Pategia and Quintlopetl, and a prominent minority language of the [[Verse:Tricin/USB|USB]] and [[Verse:Tricin/Tumhan|Tumhan]]. In [[Talma]] Classical Naeng was replaced with vernacular Naeng varieties (called the [[Tergetian vernaculars|Tergetian languages]]) and other languages. It forms the [[Bjeheond]]ian sprachbund with [[Netagin]] vernaculars, [[Trây]], [[Gwnax]], and most other Bjeheondian languages. | ||
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*Classical Naeng reduced vowels ''ă'' /ɔ/ and ''ĭ'' /ɨ/ merge into ''ă'' /ə/ | *Classical Naeng reduced vowels ''ă'' /ɔ/ and ''ĭ'' /ɨ/ merge into ''ă'' /ə/ | ||
*Breathy vowels become separate vowel phonemes: | *Breathy vowels become separate vowel phonemes: | ||
**CNaeng a e i o u ü → MidNaeng ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ → ModNaeng | **CNaeng a e i o u ü → MidNaeng ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ → ModNaeng /ɒ ae ɪ ao u ø/ | ||
**CNaeng à è ì ò ù ǜ → MidNaeng æ e i o u y → ModNaeng | **CNaeng à è ì ò ù ǜ → MidNaeng æ e i o u y → ModNaeng /æ e i o ʉ y/ | ||
*Classical Naeng ''ts'' and ''tł'' merged into /ts/, while ''ł'' (Basque s in Classical) shifted to /ɬ/ (occasional tł -> ł in a few words) | *Classical Naeng ''ts'' and ''tł'' merged into /ts/, while ''ł'' (Basque s in Classical) shifted to /ɬ/ (occasional tł -> ł in a few words) | ||
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! |Alveolar<br/>''mosăbies'' | ! |Alveolar<br/>''mosăbies'' | ||
! |Lateral<br/>''molăgoan'' | ! |Lateral<br/>''molăgoan'' | ||
! |Palatal<br/>'' | ! |Palatal<br/>''moyălech'' | ||
! |Velar<br/>''moscong'' | ! |Velar<br/>''moscong'' | ||
! |Glottal<br/>''motășac'' | ! |Glottal<br/>''motășac'' | ||
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*''per chmi'' = future progressive | *''per chmi'' = future progressive | ||
*''hos'' = conditional | *''hos'' = conditional | ||
*fnga = can | * tsămfe = 'situationally can' | ||
*fnga = can, to know how to | |||
*poar = like to | *poar = like to | ||
*thăgem = want to | *thăgem = want to | ||