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| [[Windermere/Lexicon]]
| | ==Ancient== |
| | ==Mărotłite literature== |
| | ==Gweats Era== |
| | ==Fnüeng Era== |
| | ==Middle Windermere literature== |
| | * Etsoj Jopah |
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| [[Windermere/Swadesh list]]
| | ==Modern Windermere literature== |
| | | Post-Revival |
| {{Infobox language
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| |image =
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| |imagesize =
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| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
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| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
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| |nativename =
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| |pronunciation=
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| |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
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| |region = Talma
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| |familycolor=Austroasiatic
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| |fam1=
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| |fam2=
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| |fam3= Old Windermere
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| |script={{PAGENAME}} script
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| |iso3=
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| |notice=IPA
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| }}
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| '''Windermere''' is a conlang based on similarities between Hebrew and Mon-Khmer languages, such as final stress, minor syllables and overall head-initial syntax.
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| ==Introduction==
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| Windermere was originally created by [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] for the [[Fifth Linguifex Relay]]. It is currently being revived and adapted for [[Verse:Tricin]] as a classical language of [[Verse:Talma|Talma]]. This version will also be more synthetic than the original creator envisioned.
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| ==Todo==
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| *Weird grammatical categories that aren't so Celtic or Semitic - so it makes Eevo really analytic
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| **something Austronesian?
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Orthography===
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| ====Consonants====
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| *Ϫϫ Շչ Ɑᶑ Ѡϙ Ғғ Ѵѵ Ƌժ Ƨƨ ſʗ = p b f t d th c g ch
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| *Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ng
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| *Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Ҕҕ Ʌʎ = s ł ts tł ș
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| *Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y h l ʔ
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| ====Vowels====
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| The vowel signs are placed to the right of the consonant letter.
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| *· : ; ı › ˫ ⸗ = ă u ü i o e a; :ƍ ;ƍ ıƍ ›ƍ ˫ƍ = ua üe ie oa ea
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Lateral
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Uvular
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n/
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| | '''ng''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>tenuis</small>
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| | '''b''' /p~b/
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| | '''d''' /t~d/
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| | '''g''' /k~g/
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| | <b>'</b> /ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
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| | '''p''' /pʰ~bʰ/
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| | '''t''' /tʰ~dʰ/
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| | '''c''' /kʰ~gʰ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
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| | '''ts''' /ts̻/
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| | '''tł''' /tɬ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>spirant</small>
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| | '''f''' /f~v/
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| | '''th''' /θ~ð/
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| | '''ch''' /x~ɣ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>nonspirant</small>
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| | '''s''' /s̻/
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| | '''ł''' /ɬ/
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| | '''ș''' /s̺~ʃ/
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| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Resonant
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| | '''w''' /w/
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| | '''y''' /j/
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| |'''l''' /ʟ/
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| |}
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| The glottal stop is not transcribed word-initially.
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| In Eevo, pʰ p f tʰ t θ kʰ k x ts̻ s̻ tɬ ɬ s̺ m n ŋ ʟ r w j h ʔ are borrowed as p b f/v t d þ/ð c g ç ts s tx x z m n ŋ l r v j h ∅
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| [cf. OHG /s̺/ > Modern German /z/ ]
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| ====Mutations====
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| ===Vowels===
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| a e i o u y {{angbr|a e i o u ü}}
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| iə eə uə oə yə {{angbr|ie ea ua oa üe}}
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| ə {{angbr|ă}} (in unstressed syllables)
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| In Eevo these are borrowed as:
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| a e i o w u
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| ia ee wa oo ua
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| y
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| /oj/ is pronounced [ø], which is borrowed into Eevo as ''øø''.
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| ===Stress===
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| Stress is invariably final.
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| Zero and C are the only permitted word-final codas.
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| ==Morphology==
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| Windermere morphology is exclusively prefixing and infixing.
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| ===Nouns===
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| ''im-'' is used as the plural prefix.
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| The case markers are the following:
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| *''și-'': direct case marker
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| *''wa-'': indirect case marker
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| *''mi-'': locative
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| *''ya-'': comitative
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| *''șa-'': allative
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| ===Pronouns===
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| :TODO: case forms for pronouns
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| !|
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| !I!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!it!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)!!they (inan.)
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| |-
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| !|Indirect
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| |''rie''||''łen''||''łes''||''in''||''is''||''tan''||''tsa''||''bang''||''ngea''||''ănam''||''tănam''
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| |-
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| !|Direct
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| |''grie''||''găłen''||''găłes''||''cin''||''cis''||''dan''||''gătsa''||''găbang''||''gangea''||''cănam''||''dănam''
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| |}
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| After a preposition, indirect forms are used.
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| ===Verbs===
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| Windermere verbs inflect for mood, aspect, and trigger/voice, but not for tense. (Daughter languages use periphrastic constructions for tense, and use aspect and trigger affixes derivationally.) Adjectives behave almost idenitcally to verbs but they cannot take triggers and they cannot take the imperative by themselves. | |
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| The trigger system is a Tagalog-style trigger system, with the focus on the direct case argument.
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| <!--
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| ====Personal inflection====
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| The personal affixes are prefixes, and they index the direct case argument. For example:
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+
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| |-
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| ! !!''rie''!!''łen''!!''łes''!!''in''!!''is''!!''tan''!!''tsal''!!''bang''!!''ngea''!!''uob''!!''tuob''
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| |-
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| ! ''dur'' 'sit'
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| |'''''ră'''dur''||'''''łe'''dur''||'''''łe'''dur''||''dur''||''dur''||''dur''||'''''tsa'''dur''||'''''ba'''dur''||'''''nge'''dur''||''dur''||''dur''
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| |-
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| ! ''plang'' 'stand'
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| |'''''ră'''plang''||'''''łe'''plang''||'''''łe'''plang''||''plang''||''plang''||''plang''||'''''tsa'''plang''||'''''ba'''plang''||'''''nge'''plang''||''plang''||''plang''
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| |}
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| -->
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| ====Mood====
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| There is only the imperative mood which is marked with ''șa-'' in place of the personal prefix.
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| ====Aspect====
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| *habitual = unmarked for some verbs but marked with ''ta-'' for others
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| *perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with ''el-'' for others
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| *momentane = ''heng-''
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| *frequentative = ''chum-''
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| *gnomic = ''oy-''
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| *inchoative = ''ła-''
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| *progressive = ''hat-''
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| ====Trigger====
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| *Core triggers
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| **''‹ăch›'' = Patient trigger [telic]
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| **''‹ră›'' = Patient trigger [atelic]
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| **''‹ăs›'' = Agent trigger [= a weird way of syntacticizing passive voice/ergativity]
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| **''‹ăl›'' = Reflexive trigger
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| *Applicative triggers - these meanings are not always literal
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| **''‹ăn›'' = Applicative trigger
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| **''‹eth›'' = Locative trigger
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| **''‹ăng›'' = Instrumental trigger
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| **''‹ăfong›'' = Destination trigger
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| **''‹ălis›'' = Comitative trigger
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| **''‹ăm›'' = Source/cause trigger
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| **''‹ăchem›'' = Benefactive/purpose trigger
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| **''‹ărea›'' = Malefactive trigger [also "lest"]
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| ===Derivational morphology===
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| *Head-initial concatenation
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| *''hăl-'' = nominalizer
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| *verbalizer
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| *"adjectivizer" ("X-like", "characterized by X")
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order===
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| The basic word order of Windermere is DIRECT-VERB-INDIRECT - if there is no direct case argument for the trigger to act upon then the word order is VERB-INDIRECT. This should help promote the "focus-first"/"predicate-first" word order in Eevo.
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| There is a preverbal negative particle ''die''.
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| ====Complement clauses====
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| ''nga'' is the complementizer
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| ===Relative clauses===
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| ''mo-'' = relativizer
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| *often combined with the complementizer: ''mong''
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| ===Verbal noun clauses===
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| ==Example texts==
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| ==Other resources==
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| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
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| [[Category:Languages]]
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| [[Category:Tricin]]
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