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Norþimris (view source)

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===Dialects===
===Dialects===
There is a great deal of dialect variation across Norþimer, but there are generally considered to be four main dialects:  
There is a great deal of dialect variation across Norþimer, but there are generally considered to be four main dialects:  
* Southern, which is the closest to a 'standard' dialect, found in ''Yorucscir''
* Southern, which is the closest to a 'standard' dialect, found in ''Yorucschir''
* Northern, extending north from ''Weer Ei'' (River Wear) to the Scottish border
* Northern, extending north from ''Weer Ey'' (River Wear) to the Scottish border
* Western, the dialect west of the moors  
* Western, the dialect west of the moors
* South-western, the dialect of the ''Þreiplands'', sometimes called ''Þreiplandris''
* South-western, the dialect of the ''Þreeplands'', sometimes called ''Þreeplandris''


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The consonant inventory of Norþimris is very similar to that of English and has changed little since the Old English period.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; "|
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɹ
| (ɹ)
|  
|  
| j
| j
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|
|
|}
|}
Notes:
* /ɹ/ is an allophone of /ɾ/ found before consonants.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
The Norþimris vowel system is probably best understood as consisting of 6 short vowels, 7 historically 'long' vowels (which are more commonly pronounced as diphthongs) and 4 true diphthongs.
====Short Vowels====
The short vowels are shown in the table below. They include the reduced vowel /ə/, which may be an allophonic variant of any other short vowel in an unstressed syllable.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; "|
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
| iː
|  
|  
| uː
|  
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-close
! style="" |Near-close
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
! style="" |Close-mid
| eː
|  
|  
| oː
|  
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! style="" |Mid
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|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
! style="" |Near-open
| æː
|  
|  
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| ɒ
| ɒ
|}
====The 'Long' Vowels and Diphthongs====
The distribution of Norþimris long vowels and diphthongs is complicated. In general there is a tendency to pronounce historically long vowels as diphthongs in most environments.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px; "|Dipthong
! style="width: 100px;" |Spellings
! style="width: 400px;" |Comments
|-
| /æː/
| ''iy''
|
|-
| /eə/
| ''ea''
|
|-
| /ei̯/
| ''ey''
|
|-
| (/i̯a/)
| ''ea''
| an allophone of /eə/ in initial position
|-
| /iə/
| ''ee, eu''
|
|-
| /ii̯/
| ''ei''
|
|-
| (/ɪu̯/)
| ''eu''
| dialectally
|-
| /oː/
| ''au, oo''
|
|-
| (/oə/)
| ''oo''
| an occasional allophone of /oː/ dialectally
|-
| /ɔu̯/
| ''ou''
|
|-
| /ʊu̯/
| ''uy''
|
|}
|}


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| ''-ffuy''
| ''-ffuy''
| measurement of
| measurement of
| ''handfuy'' 'handful'
| ''handffuy'' 'handful'
|-
|-
| ''-head''
| ''-head''
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===Syntax===
===Syntax===
The basic word order of Norþimris is Subject-Verb-Object:
The basic word order of Norþimris is Subject-Verb-Object:
* ''i leof ði'' 'I love you'
* ''i leuf ði'' 'I love you'
* ''Cetel sang 't sang'' 'Cetel sang the song''
* ''Cetel sang 't sang'' 'Cetel sang the song''
* ''Maria leirs Frencis'' 'Maria teaches French'
* ''Maria leers Frencis'' 'Maria teaches French'


Unlike some other Germanic languages, Norþimris prefers to keep auxiliary and lexical verbs together:
Unlike some other Germanic languages, Norþimris prefers to keep auxiliary and lexical verbs together:
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A direct object follows an indirect object, unless both are personal pronouns, in which case the direct object comes first:
A direct object follows an indirect object, unless both are personal pronouns, in which case the direct object comes first:
* ''hi gaf Askil 't beoc'' 'he gave Askil the book'
* ''hi gaf Ascil 't beuc'' 'he gave Askil the book'
* ''hi gaf hit him'' 'he gave it to him'
* ''hi gaf hit him'' 'he gave it to him'


Adverbial expressions are not in a fixed position and generally come at the beginning or end of the sentence:
Adverbial expressions are not in a fixed position and generally come at the beginning or end of the sentence:
* ''yestren, gangd i til 't seekhuuṡ'' 'yesterday, I went to the hospital'
* ''yestren, gangd i til 't seichuyṡ'' 'yesterday, I went to the hospital'
* ''i gangd til 't seekhuuṡ yestren'' 'I went to the hospital yesterday'
* ''i gangd til 't seichuyṡ yestren'' 'I went to the hospital yesterday'


Adverbs of manner are placed close to the words to which they relate:
Adverbs of manner are placed close to the words to which they relate:
* ''scu leyct wel 't geamen / scu leyct 't geamen wel'' 'she played the game well'
* ''su leyct wel 't geamen / su leyct 't geamen wel'' 'she played the game well'
* ''wi ran snel heam / wi ran heam snel'' 'we ran home fast'
* ''wi ran snel heam / wi ran heam snel'' 'we ran home fast'


When an adverbial or other element is placed before the verb, the subject is moved to come after the auxiliary verb:
When an adverbial or other element is placed before the verb, the subject is moved to come after the auxiliary verb:
* ''in a circ wer ðey wedit'' 'in a church they were married'
* ''in a circ wer ðey wedit'' 'in a church they were married'
* ''tomorn, sal i gang til 't skeol'' 'tomorrow I will go to school'
* ''tomorn, sal i gang til 't sceul'' 'tomorrow I will go to school'


The relative pronoun is ''at'':
The relative pronoun is ''at'':
*'' 't wiyff at i leof'' 'the woman who I love'
*'' 't wiyff at i leuf'' 'the woman who I love'
* ''a barn at cens au'' 'a child that knows everything'
* ''a barn at cens au'' 'a child that knows everything'


==Sample Texts==
==Sample Texts==


===The Lord's Prayer===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> Uur Faðer at is in hefen <br> Halud siy ðiy neam <br> Ðiy cinric becum <br> Ðiy wil wurð deon <br> On erd auṡ in hefen <br> Gie uss uur deylie leaff todey <br> An fergie uss uur scilds <br> Auṡ wie fergie uur scildiers <br> Leid not uss til costing <br> Auh free uss frea il <br> Þiyn is 't cinric an 't meyn an 't wuuder, for-ea <br> Amen
| '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> Uur Faðer at is in hefen <br> Halud siy ðiy neam <br> Ðiy cinric becum <br> Ðiy wil wurð deon <br> On erd auṡ in hefen <br> Gie uss uur deylie leaff todey <br> An fergie uss uur scilds <br> Auṡ wie fergie uur scildiers <br> Leid not uss til costing <br> Auh free uss frea il <br> Þiyn is 't cinric an 't meyn an 't wuuder, for-ea <br> Amen
| Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen
| '''The Lord's Prayer''' <br> Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen
|}
 
===The Night's Watch Pledge===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English
|-
| ''''''T Neit Ward Eaþ'''''<br /> ''Neit gaðers an nuu agins miy ward.''<br /> ''Hit sal not end oð miy deeþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal tac nea wiyff, haud nea lands, faðer nea barns.''<br /> ''Ic sal beer nea bey an adel nea reuþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal leef an dey at miy stau.''<br /> ''Ic is 't sord in 't mirc. Ic is 't weacer on 't waus.''<br /> ''Ic is 't scheild at wards 't riycs o men.''<br /> ''Ic wed miy liyff an miyn ear til 't Neit Ward, þruh ðiss neit an ilc neit heðen.''
| '''The Night's Watch Pledge'''<br /> Night gathers, and now my watch begins.<br /> It shall not end until my death.<br /> I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children.<br /> I shall wear no crowns and win no glory.<br /> I shall live and die at my post.<br /> I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls.<br /> I am the shield that guards the realms of men.<br /> I pledge my life and honour to the Night's Watch, for this night and all the nights to come.<br />
|}
 
===Useful Phrases===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 300px;" | English !! style="width: 300px;" | Norþimris
|-
! colspan="2" | Greetings ~ ''Heylsings''
|-
| Welcome
| ''Wilcum''
|-
| Hello
| ''Halo <br> Hey''
|-
| Good morning
| ''Geud morn''
|-
| Good afternoon
| ''Geud ourneun''
|-
| Good evening
| ''Geud ein''
|-
| Good night
| ''Geud neit''
|-
| Goodbye
| ''Geud dey'' (fml) <br> ''Fearwel'' (fml) <br> ''Siðie'' (inf)
|-
| How are you?
| ''Huy 'stu?'' (inf) <br> ''Aureit?'' (inf) <br> ''Huy 'r yi?'' (fml)
|-
| Fine thanks, and you?
| ''Wel, þank yu, an yei?'' (fml) <br> ''Aureit''
|-
| What's your name?
| ''Hwat heatstu?'' <br> ''Hwat heat yi?'' (fml)
|-
| My name is Ascil
| ''I heat Ascil''
|-
| Where are you from?
| ''Hwear 'stu frea?'' (inf) <br> ''Hwear ar yi frea?''
|-
| I'm from Durham
| ''I 's frea Dunhoum''
|-
! colspan="2" | The Basics ~ '''T Stounlies''
|-
| Yes
| ''Ey, aie'' <br> ''Yea''
|-
| No
| ''Ney'' <br> ''Nea''
|-
| Please
| ''Gin yi wil''
|-
| Thank you
| ''Þank yu'' (fml) <br> ''Ta'' (inf) <br> ''Þanks'' <br> ''Feel þanks'' 'many thanks'
|-
| You're welcome
| ''Wilcum''
|-
| Sorry
| ''Searie''
|-
| Excuse me
| ''Ferleit mei''
|-
! colspan="2" | Et cetera ~ ''An Swea Forþ''
|-
| Good luck
| ''Hap til ði'' (inf) <br> ''Hap til yu''
|-
| Cheers!
| ''Washeyl''
|-
| Bon Appetit!
| ''Meis yu wel''
|-
| Bon voyage!
| ''Fearwel''
|-
| I love you
| ''I leuf ði''
|-
| Get well soon
| ''Sceut betering''
|-
| Happy Birthday
| ''Eedie Birddey''
|-
| Merry Christmas
| ''Glad Yuyl''
|-
| Happy New Year
| ''Eedie Niw Yeer''
|}
 
==Vocabulary==
[[Norþimris/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Page]]
 
==Personal Names==
Personal names are generally of Germanic origin, inherited from Old English and Old Norse, or have been borrowed at various periods from the Christian tradition.
 
===Masculine Names===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width: 150px;" | Norþimris Name !! style="width: 150px;" |  English Equivalent !! style="width: 200px;" |  Alternate forms !! style="width: 250px;" | Notes
|-
| ''Aleff'' || Olaf || ||
|-
| ''Ander'' || Andrew || ''Andreas'' (Bib.), ''Anda'' ||
|-
| ''Arcel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Arnuyff'' || || ||
|-
| ''Ascel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Aumund'' || || ||
|-
| ''Becan'' || || ||
|-
| ''Cuþbret'' || Cuthbert || ''Cubret'', ''Cuda'' ||
|-
| ''Douffin'' || ''Dolfin'' || ||
|-
| ''Eyner'' || || ||
|-
| ''Eyric'' || ''Eric'' || ||
|-
| ''Fleuc'' || || ||
|-
| ''Gamel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Godfriþ'' || Godfrey, Geoffrey || ||
|-
| ''Gospatric'' || Gospatrick || ||
|-
| ''Haudan'' || ''Halfdan'' || ''Haufdan'' ||
|-
| ''Maþe'' || Matthew || ''Mateus'' (Bib.), ''Mata'' ||
|-
| ''Oswaud'' || ''Oswald'' || ||
|-
| ''Peeter'' || Peter || ''Petrus'' (Bib.), ''Peet'' ||
|-
| ''Rafen'' || Raven || ||
|-
| ''Rancel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Roscel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Rouff'' || Rolf, Ralph || ||
|-
| ''Yacob'' || James, Jacob || ''Yacobus'' (Bib.), ''Yaca'' ||
|-
| ''Yon'' || John || ''Yohanes'' (Bib.), ''Yona'' ||
|-
| ''Zacarie'' || Zachary || ''Zacarias'' (Bib.), ''Zaca'' ||
|}
|}


[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Category:Germanic languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Category:Germanic languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:West Germanic languages]]
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