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Nousuerian (Nousuerian: nusveska; French: nousuédois; Swedish: nusveska) is a constructed, a posteriori language in the North Germanic family of languages, descended from the Old Norse language. It has about 66,000 people, most of whom live on the Nousuerian Islands. Other communities of Nousuerians who speak Nousuerian as a native language live in France, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The grammar of Nousuerian is very close to that of Swedish, but most of the vocabulary of Nousuerian is directly borrowed from the French language. With the Nousuerian language comes an alternate history of the places in which it developed and is spoken; namely, the real-life Faroe Islands. | Nousuerian (Nousuerian: nusveska; French: nousuédois; Swedish: nusveska) is a constructed, a posteriori language in the North Germanic family of languages, descended from the Old Norse language. It has about 66,000 people, most of whom live on the Nousuerian Islands. Other communities of Nousuerians who speak Nousuerian as a native language live in France, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The grammar of Nousuerian is very close to that of Swedish, but most of the vocabulary of Nousuerian is directly borrowed from the French language. With the Nousuerian language comes an alternate history of the places in which it developed and is spoken; namely, the real-life Faroe Islands. | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
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Nousuerian words can be derived from other languages, and even other Nousuerian words, through four main processes: | Nousuerian words can be derived from other languages, and even other Nousuerian words, through four main processes: | ||
*Borrowing - English 'computer' → Nousuerian ''kompiutare'' | *Borrowing - English 'computer' → Nousuerian ''kompiutare'' | ||
*Compounding - ''en lutj'' (lunch) + ''en eur''(hour) → 'lunch hour' | *Compounding - ''en lutj'' (lunch) + ''en eur''(hour) → ''en lutjeur'' 'lunch hour' | ||
*Affixation - ''u-'' + ''kontan'' → 'unhappy' | *Affixation - ''u-'' + ''kontan'' → ''ukontan'' 'unhappy' | ||
*Abbreviation - ''fotograf' → 'foto' | *Abbreviation - ''fotograf' → ''foto'' 'photograph' | ||
====Borrowing==== | ====Borrowing==== | ||
When a language is borrowed into the Nousuerian language, it is assimilated through orthography, pronunciation and inflection. | When a language is borrowed into the Nousuerian language, it is assimilated through orthography, pronunciation and inflection. | ||
*''asaseur'' comes from French ''ascenseur'' (elevator, lift) | |||
*''pitsa'' comes from Italian ''pizza'' (pizza) | |||
====Compounding==== | ====Compounding==== | ||
With compound nouns, the second noun determines the gender. | With compound nouns, the second noun determines the gender. | ||
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====Affixation==== | ====Affixation==== | ||
Affixation is carried out by adding a prefix or suffix to a stem. Prefixes do not change the word class or inflection of the stem, but suffixes do. | Affixation is carried out by adding a prefix or suffix to a stem. Prefixes do not change the word class or inflection of the stem, but suffixes do. | ||
*''feure'' (before) + ''tjur'' (day) = ''feuretjur'' (dawn) | |||
*''u'' (not) + ''kontan'' (happy) = ''ukontan'' (unhappy) | |||
*''lira'' (to read) + ''-are'' (-er) = ''lirare'' (reader) | |||
*''fretje'' (fresh) + ''-het'' (-ness) = ''fretjehet'' (freshness) | |||
====Abbreviation==== | ====Abbreviation==== | ||
Abbreviation involves the loss of a word or part of a word. | Abbreviation involves the loss of a word or part of a word. | ||
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conjuction - subject - clausal adverbial - finite verb | conjuction - subject - clausal adverbial - finite verb | ||
The dependent clause always starts with a subordination conjunction or other indicator of its status as a clause. | The dependent clause always starts with a subordination conjunction or other indicator of its status as a clause and the clausal adverbial comes before the finite verb. | ||
The subject position in a dependent clause is also occupied and the word order is straight. | |||
Sometimes there are exceptions to the rules. This is usually when the dependent clause forms a part of the main clause, but it has a similar word order to the main clause. | |||
====''at''-clauses with a 'topic'==== | |||
When a non-subject comes immediately after the conjunction ''at'', the finite verb and subject are inverted: | |||
*''Tjarl dirde, at(CONJ) hier(TOP) penste(FIN) hèn(SBJ) ala til bibliuteket.'' - Charles said that yesterday he was thinking of going to the library. | |||
====''at''-clauses with FV-CA order==== | |||
Sometimes, the clausal adverbial has the same place as in the main clause, after the finite verb. This is unlike its usual dependent clause place before the finite verb. | |||
*''Tjarl dirde, at(CONJ) hèn(SBJ) penste(FV) pa(CA) parta atjudui.'' - Charles said that he was not thinking of leaving today. | |||
====Conditional Clauses with yes/no question order==== | |||
''Um''(if) or ''ifal''(whether) usually introduce conditional clauses. | |||
*''Um tu pa ekrir til mersa, bliver hèn ukontan.'' - If you don't write to Mom, she will be unhappy. | |||
Sometimes conditional clauses don't have a subordination conjunction and must rely on inverted word order to indicate condition. | |||
*''Ekrir tu pa til mersa, bliver hèn ukontan.'' | |||
*''Ekrir tu pa til mersa?'' (Yes/No question) | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Phrases=== | ===Phrases=== | ||
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||