Old Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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===Spirantization of Fricatives===
===Spirantization of Fricatives===
This is a change that had likely already started long before the division between Gothic and Griutungi, and probably happened similarly in Gothic as well. In the Griutungi lineage, it occurred in three distinct stages:
This is a change that had likely already started long before the division between Gothic and Griutungi, and probably happened similarly in Gothic as well. In the Griutungi lineage, it occurred in three distinct stages:
====Intervocalic Voiced Fricatives====
 
====Intersonorant Voiced Fricatives====
====Stage I====
====Intersonorant Unvoiced Fricatives====
Intervocalic voiced fricatives (i.e. /b/, /d/, and /g/) became spirantized: /β/, /ð/, and /ɣ/. This likely happened quite early, and was clearly in operation in Gothic as well.
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''C'''<br />[+vox]<br />[-cnt]||valign="top"| →||valign="top"| [+cnt] ||valign="top"| / ||valign="top"| V___V
|}
 
''“A voiced non-continuant (i.e. stop) becomes continuant (i.e. fricative) when intervocalic.”''
 
In more direct terms:
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''b''', '''d''', '''g'''}|| →|| '''β''', '''ð''', '''ɣ'''|| /|| ''any vowel'' }___{ ''any vowel''
|}
 
====Stage II====
The same process occurred, but in Stage II the environment changes to include /l/ and /r/ before the stop and ''any'' sonorant (i.e. /l/, /r/, /m/, or /n/) after. This likely occurred before or during the time of Griutung proper, and may have happened in a similar environment in Gothic.
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''C'''<br />[+vox]<br />[-cnt]||valign="top"| →||valign="top"| [+cnt] ||valign="top"| / ||valign="top"| V,l,r}___[+son]
|}
 
''“A voiced non-continuant (i.e. stop) becomes continuant (i.e. fricative) when preceded by a vowel or a liquid and followed by any sonorant (a vowel, a liquid, or a nasal).”''
 
In more direct terms:
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''b''', '''d''', '''g'''}|| →|| '''β''', '''ð''', '''ɣ'''|| / || ''any vowel'', '''l''', ''or'' '''r'''}___{ ''any vowel'', '''l''', '''r''', '''m''', ''or'' '''n'''
|}
 
====Stage III====
In the final stage, which happened significantly after the earlier two (probably not before 900 a.d.), the unvoiced continuants /f/ and /θ/, became voiced in the same environment as stage II.
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''C'''<br />[-vox]<br />[+cnt]<br />[-bck]||valign="top"| →||valign="top"| [+vox] ||valign="top"| / ||valign="top"| V,l,r}___[+son]
|}
 
''“An unvoiced non-back continuant (i.e. fricative other than /h/) becomes voiced when preceded by a vowel or a liquid and followed by any sonorant (a vowel, a liquid, or a nasal).”''
 
In more direct terms:
 
{|
|-
| &nbsp;|| '''f''', '''θ'''}|| →|| '''β''', '''ð'''}|| / || ''any vowel'', '''l''', ''or'' '''r'''}___{ ''any vowel'', '''l''', '''r''', '''m''', ''or'' '''n'''
|}