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Old Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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Old Valthungian (view source)

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→‎Phonology of Old Valthungian ca. 950 a.d.
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==Orthography of Old Valthungian==
There is very little extant text in Old Valthungian, and what does exist is quite variable, but this is a “regularlised” version of the orthography used at the time, with notes where there are variants.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|-
!width=65px| Griutungi
!width=65px| IPA
!width=65px| Old Val.
!width=150px| Variants
! Notes
|-
| a
| ɑ
| a
|align="left"| &nbsp;
|align="left"|
|-
| ā
| ɑː
| aa
|align="left"| a, ā
|align="left"| Long vowels were sometimes indicated by doubling, sometimes with a macron or any of a half dozen other markings, or ignored completely.
|-
| ǣ
| ɛː
| ae
|align="left"| ai, ee
|align="left"|
|-
| ǭ
| ɔː
| ao
|align="left"| au, oa, oo, ō
|align="left"|
|-
| b
| b
| b
|align="left"| &nbsp;
|align="left"|
|-
| b
| b → β
| bv
|align="left"| vv
|align="left"|
|-
| d
| d
| d
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| d
| d → ð
| ð
|align="left"| dv, dd, δ
|align="left"| Though ð is being used here for transcription, a letter derived from the Gothic letter ''dags'' (but resembling ϫ, the Coptic ''gangia'',) letter was more often used.
|-
| e
| ɛ
| e
|align="left"| ai
|align="left"|
|-
| -
| œː
| eao
|align="left"| eoa, eō, eoo
|align="left"|
|-
| ē
| eː → ei̯
| ei
|align="left"| ē, ee, ej
|align="left"|
|-
| -
| œ
| eo
|align="left"| oe, ø
|align="left"|
|-
| -
| øː
| eou
|align="left"| eoo, eō, ooe
|align="left"|
|-
| -
| y
| eu
|align="left"| y, ue
|align="left"|
|-
| -
| yː
| euu
|align="left"| yy, uue
|align="left"|
|-
| f
| ɸ
| f
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| g
| ɡ
| g
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| g
| ɣ
| gy
|align="left"| y, gv, gð
|align="left"|
|-
| h
| h~x
| h
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| i
| i
| i
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| ī
| iː
| ii
|align="left"| ī, ei, ij
|align="left"|
|-
| j
| j
| j
|align="left"| i
|align="left"|
|-
| iu
| iu̯ → ju
| ju
|align="left"| iu, iv, jv
|align="left"|
|-
| k
| k
| k
|align="left"| c
|align="left"| Sometimes written as '''kh''' or '''ch''' when aspirated.
|-
| kh
| kʰ
| k
|align="left"| kh, ch, χ
|align="left"|
|-
| kw
| kʷ → kw
| kv
|align="left"| qv, q, ku
|align="left"|
|-
| l
| l
| l
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| m
| m
| m
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| n
| n
| n
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| ng
| ŋɡ
| ng
|align="left"| gg
|align="left"| Sometimes written with '''g''' instead of '''n''' in a reflection of the Gothic.
|-
| nk
| ŋk
| nk
|align="left"| gk, gc
|align="left"| Sometimes written with '''g''' instead of '''n''' in a reflection of the Gothic.
|-
| nkw
| ŋkw
| nkv
|align="left"| gq, gqv, nq, nqv, ncu...
|align="left"| Sometimes written with '''g''' instead of '''n''' in a reflection of the Gothic.
|-
| o
| ɔ
| o
|align="left"| au
|align="left"|
|-
| ō
| oː → ou̯
| ou
|align="left"| oo, ō, o, ov
|align="left"|
|-
| p
| p
| p
|align="left"|
|align="left"| Sometimes written as '''ph''' when aspirated.
|-
| r
| r
| r
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| s
| s
| s
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| t
| t
| t
|align="left"|
|align="left"| Sometimes written as '''th''' when aspirated.
|-
| u
| u
| u
|align="left"|
|align="left"|
|-
| ū
| uː
| uu
|align="left"| ū, u, uv
|align="left"|
|-
| w
| w
| v
|align="left"| vv, uu, ƿ
|align="left"|
|-
| y
| ʏ
| y
|align="left"| y, i, u, ui
|align="left"|
|-
| z
| z → ʐ
| z
|align="left"| ȥ
|align="left"|
|}
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