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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
==== | ====Cases==== | ||
Adzaac has several cases which regulate the roles various words play in a sentence. | |||
==== | =====Absolutive===== | ||
The absolutive case is used for the subjects of intransitive verbs. | |||
==== | =====Ergative===== | ||
Ergative is used with the subjects of transitive verbs when there is a direct object present. | |||
==== | =====Accusative===== | ||
Accusative indicates a direct object. | |||
====Dative==== | =====Dative===== | ||
The use of the dative in Adzaac is slightly more restrictive than it may be in other languages. It specifically invokes the meaning of ‘to’ or ‘towards’. | |||
==== | =====Ablative===== | ||
Many languages have an “ablative” case, though it rarely means the same thing from one language to another. In Adzaac, the ablative is the exact inverse of the dative, invoking the meaning of ‘out of’ or ‘from’. | |||
==== | =====Genitive===== | ||
The genitive deals with possession and relation. There is a bit of overlap with the ablative. | |||
==== | =====Oblique===== | ||
The oblique isn't so much a case as an anti-case: This is the “Dictionary Form” of Adzaac nouns, and is not inflected at all. It is mainly used with adpositions, or for mentioning things in a list. | |||
====Classes==== | |||
There are only three noun classes in Adzaac, so one might be tempted to call them “genders,” but that term really doesn't work well here, considering that all of the human genders which usually serve as examples of the various grammatical genders all fall into a single noun class. Adzaac nouns are divided into Animate, Inanimate, and Abstract classes. | |||
=====Animate===== | |||
Animate nouns are quite literally comprised of things which are alive. This includes, but is not limited to men, women, children, dogs, cows, grass, trees, moss, cauliflower, and caterpillars. Some dynamic nouns may be considered animate even if they are not alive in the traditional sense, such as fire, running water, wind, or weather. | |||
=====Inanimate===== | |||
Inanimate nouns are things which are not alive. They may be things which are no longer alive (such as wood or leather) or things which do not presently show signs of life, but which may become alive in the future (like seeds or eggs). Some inanimate nouns include wood, stone, metal, houses, rice, books, salt, and soil. | |||
''*Note to self: What about body parts and plant parts, like heart, arm, brain, trunk, and leaf?'' | |||
=====Abstract===== | |||
Abstract nouns are concepts, ideas, or non-substantives, like feelings, concepts, and symbolic thought. These include compassion, love, anger, war, kerfuffle, hope, tarnation, thought, and stubbornness. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||