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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
The personal pronouns are borrowed directly from the “animate” correlatives, below. They inflect for first, second, and third “person” which correspond directly to the proximal, medial, and distal deixes. They also inflect for “inanimate” non-persons as well as “abstract” non-persons, though here it is important to be familiar with the noun class system, as not everything in the abstract class is necessarily intangible, nor is everything in the inanimate class non-living. For that matter, the animate class contains many nouns we might not consider animate, yet they are “conjugated” as people. | |||
===Correlatives=== | ===Correlatives=== | ||
The correlatives are a group of “base” words which make up a wide variety of roots forming pronouns, adverbs, and conjunctions. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2 colspan=2| | |||
!width=100| Proximal | |||
!width=100| Medial | |||
!width=100| Distal | |||
!width=100| Interrogative | |||
!width=100| Relative | |||
!width=100| Negative | |||
!width=100| General | |||
!width=100| Quantal | |||
!width=100| Universal | |||
|- | |||
!align="left"| ''ka-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''tu-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''pi-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''qui-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''jua-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''jai-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''mlai-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''vlu-'' | |||
!align="left"| ''kua-'' | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
!align="right"| ''-m'' | |||
| '''''kam'''<br />I'' | |||
| '''''tum'''<br />you'' | |||
| '''''pim'''<br />he, she'' | |||
| '''''quim'''<br />who'' | |||
| '''''juam'''<br />who'' | |||
| '''''jaim'''<br />no one'' | |||
| '''''mlaim'''<br />someone'' | |||
| '''''vlum'''<br />some (people)'' | |||
| '''''kuam'''<br />everyone'' | |||
|- | |||
! Inanimate | |||
!align="right"| ''-t'' | |||
| '''''kat'''<br />this (thing)'' | |||
| '''''tut'''<br />that (thing)'' | |||
| '''''pit'''<br />yon (thing)'' | |||
| '''''quit'''<br />what'' | |||
| '''''juat'''<br />that, which'' | |||
| '''''jait'''<br />nothing'' | |||
| '''''mlait'''<br />something'' | |||
| '''''vlut'''<br />some things'' | |||
| '''''kuat'''<br />everything'' | |||
|- | |||
! Abstract | |||
!align="right"| ''-b'' | |||
| '''''kab'''<br />this (matter)'' | |||
| '''''tub'''<br />that (matter)'' | |||
| '''''pib'''<br />yon (matter)'' | |||
| '''''quib'''<br />what (matter)'' | |||
| '''''juab'''<br />that, which'' | |||
| '''''jaib'''<br />no matter'' | |||
| '''''mlaib'''<br />some matter'' | |||
| '''''vlub'''<br />some matters'' | |||
| '''''kuab'''<br />every matter'' | |||
|- | |||
! Local | |||
!align="right"| ''-n'' | |||
| '''''kan'''<br />here'' | |||
| '''''tun'''<br />there'' | |||
| '''''pin'''<br />elsewhere'' | |||
| '''''quin'''<br />where'' | |||
| '''''juan'''<br />where'' | |||
| '''''jain'''<br />nowhere'' | |||
| '''''mlain'''<br />somewhere'' | |||
| '''''vlun'''<br />some places'' | |||
| '''''kuan'''<br />everywhere'' | |||
|- | |||
! Temporal | |||
!align="right"| ''-d'' | |||
| '''''kad'''<br />now'' | |||
| '''''tud'''<br />then'' | |||
| '''''pid'''<br />elsewhen'' | |||
| '''''quid'''<br />when'' | |||
| '''''juad'''<br />when'' | |||
| '''''jaid'''<br />never'' | |||
| '''''mlaid'''<br />sometime'' | |||
| '''''vlud'''<br />sometimes'' | |||
| '''''kuad'''<br />always'' | |||
|- | |||
! Manneral | |||
!align="right"| ''-g'' | |||
| '''''kag'''<br />like this'' | |||
| '''''tug'''<br />like that'' | |||
| '''''pig'''<br />somehow else'' | |||
| '''''quig'''<br />how'' | |||
| '''''juag'''<br />how'' | |||
| '''''jaig'''<br />no way'' | |||
| '''''mlaig'''<br />somehow'' | |||
| '''''vlug'''<br />in some ways'' | |||
| '''''kuag'''<br />in every way'' | |||
|- | |||
! Qualitative | |||
!align="right"| ''-l'' | |||
| '''''kal'''<br />this kind'' | |||
| '''''tul'''<br />that kind'' | |||
| '''''pil'''<br />a different kind'' | |||
| '''''quil'''<br />what kind'' | |||
| '''''jual'''<br />which kind'' | |||
| '''''jail'''<br />no kind'' | |||
| '''''mlair'''<br />some kind'' | |||
| '''''vlur'''<br />some kinds'' | |||
| '''''kual'''<br />every kind'' | |||
|- | |||
! Explicative | |||
!align="right"| ''-tt'' | |||
| '''''katt'''<br />because'' | |||
| '''''tutt'''<br />therefore'' | |||
| '''''pitt'''<br />for another reason'' | |||
| '''''quitt'''<br />why'' | |||
| '''''juatt'''<br />why'' | |||
| '''''jaitt'''<br />for no reason'' | |||
| '''''mlaitt'''<br />for some reason'' | |||
| '''''vlutt'''<br />for some reasons'' | |||
| '''''kuatt'''<br />for every reason'' | |||
|- | |||
! Quantitative | |||
!align="right"| ''-v'' | |||
| '''''kav'''<br />this much<br />this many'' | |||
| '''''tuv'''<br />that much<br />that many'' | |||
| '''''piv'''<br />another amount'' | |||
| '''''quiv'''<br />how much<br />how many'' | |||
| '''''juav'''<br />how much<br />how many'' | |||
| '''''jaiv'''<br />no, none'' | |||
| '''''mlaiv'''<br />some amount'' | |||
| '''''vluv'''<br />some'' | |||
| '''''kuav'''<br />all'' | |||
|} | |||
The base correlatives can be further modified by various affixes, such as ''–an'', which converts the General correlatives to Electives (i.e. it changes the sense of “some” to “any”). | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||