Proto-Zanahic: Difference between revisions
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Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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| Line 130: | Line 130: | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ![[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| i {{IPA|/i/}} | | *i {{IPA|/i/}} | ||
| u {{IPA|/u/}} | | *u {{IPA|/u/}} | ||
| ī {{IPA|/iː/}} | | *ī {{IPA|/iː/}} | ||
| ū {{IPA|/uː/}} | | *ū {{IPA|/uː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ![[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| e {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | | *e {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | ||
| <!--{{IPA|/o/}}--> | | <!--{{IPA|/o/}}--> | ||
| ē {{IPA|/ɛː/}} | | *ē {{IPA|/ɛː/}} | ||
| <!--{{IPA|/oː/}}--> | | <!--{{IPA|/oː/}}--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ![[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| a {{IPA|/a/}} | | *a {{IPA|/a/}} | ||
| o {{IPA|/ɒ/}} | | *o {{IPA|/ɒ/}} | ||
| ā {{IPA|/aː/}} | | *ā {{IPA|/aː/}} | ||
| ō {{IPA|/ɒː/}} | | *ō {{IPA|/ɒː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 161: | Line 161: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | ! {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | ||
| ey {{IPA|/ɛi/}} | | *ey {{IPA|/ɛi/}} | ||
| ew {{IPA|/ɛu/}} | | *ew {{IPA|/ɛu/}} | ||
| ēy {{IPA|/ɛːi/}} | | *ēy {{IPA|/ɛːi/}} | ||
| ēw {{IPA|/ɛːu/}} | | *ēw {{IPA|/ɛːu/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/a/}} | ! {{IPA|/a/}} | ||
| ay {{IPA|/ai/}} | | *ay {{IPA|/ai/}} | ||
| aw {{IPA|/au/}} | | *aw {{IPA|/au/}} | ||
| āy {{IPA|/aːi/}} | | *āy {{IPA|/aːi/}} | ||
| āw {{IPA|/aːu/}} | | *āw {{IPA|/aːu/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/ɒ/}} | ! {{IPA|/ɒ/}} | ||
| oy {{IPA|/ɒi/}} | | *oy {{IPA|/ɒi/}} | ||
| ow {{IPA|/ɒu/}} | | *ow {{IPA|/ɒu/}} | ||
| ōy {{IPA|/ɒːi/}} | | *ōy {{IPA|/ɒːi/}} | ||
| ōw {{IPA|/ɒːu/}} | | *ōw {{IPA|/ɒːu/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 187: | Line 187: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/m/}} | ! {{IPA|/m/}} | ||
| m̥ {{IPA|/m̩/}} | | *m̥ {{IPA|/m̩/}} | ||
| m̥̄ {{IPA|/m̩ː/}} | | *m̥̄ {{IPA|/m̩ː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/n/}} | ! {{IPA|/n/}} | ||
| n̥ {{IPA|/n̩/}} | | *n̥ {{IPA|/n̩/}} | ||
| n̥̄ {{IPA|/n̩ː/}} | | *n̥̄ {{IPA|/n̩ː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/r/}} | ! {{IPA|/r/}} | ||
| r̥ {{IPA|/r̩/}} | | *r̥ {{IPA|/r̩/}} | ||
| r̥̄ {{IPA|/r̩ː/}} | | *r̥̄ {{IPA|/r̩ː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{IPA|/l/}} | ! {{IPA|/l/}} | ||
| l̥ {{IPA|/l̩/}} | | *l̥ {{IPA|/l̩/}} | ||
| l̥̄ {{IPA|/l̩ː/}} | | *l̥̄ {{IPA|/l̩ː/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:47, 5 February 2024
Introduction
Proto-Zanahic is the reconstructed ancestor of Zanahi and other Zanahic languages.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m /m/ | *n /n/ | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | *p /p/ | *t /t/ | *k /k/ | *’ /ʔ/ | |
| voiced | *b /b/ | *d /d/ | *g /ɡ/ | |||
| ejective | *ṗ /pʼ/ | *ṭ /tʼ/ | *ḳ /kʼ/ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | *c /ts/ | ||||
| voiced | *z /dz/ | |||||
| ejective | *ṣ /tsʼ/ | |||||
| Fricative | *s /s/ | *š /ɕ/ | *h /h/ | |||
| Trill | *r /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | *l /l/ | *y /j/ | *w /w/ | |||
Vowels and Syllabics
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | *i /i/ | *u /u/ | *ī /iː/ | *ū /uː/ |
| Mid | *e /ɛ/ | *ē /ɛː/ | ||
| Open | *a /a/ | *o /ɒ/ | *ā /aː/ | *ō /ɒː/ |
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /i/ | /u/ | /i/ | /u/ | |
| /ɛ/ | *ey /ɛi/ | *ew /ɛu/ | *ēy /ɛːi/ | *ēw /ɛːu/ |
| /a/ | *ay /ai/ | *aw /au/ | *āy /aːi/ | *āw /aːu/ |
| /ɒ/ | *oy /ɒi/ | *ow /ɒu/ | *ōy /ɒːi/ | *ōw /ɒːu/ |
| Consonant | Short | Long |
|---|---|---|
| /m/ | *m̥ /m̩/ | *m̥̄ /m̩ː/ |
| /n/ | *n̥ /n̩/ | *n̥̄ /n̩ː/ |
| /r/ | *r̥ /r̩/ | *r̥̄ /r̩ː/ |
| /l/ | *l̥ /l̩/ | *l̥̄ /l̩ː/ |
Note that *i and *u (and their long forms *ī and *ū) are considered the syllabic counterparts of *y and *w respectively.
Orthography
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
(IN PROGRESS)
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
- There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
Numerals
| Symbol | Cardinal number | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| masc. | fem. | neuter | |
| 1 | *’oynoh | *’oynā | *’oynom |
| 2 | *ṭuwā | *ṭuwāi | *ṭuwā |
| 3 | *treyeh | *treyeh | *treyā |
| 4 | *ketureh | *ketureh | *keturā |
| 5 | *penke | ||
| 6 | *šesš | ||
| 7 | *heptm̥ | ||
| 8 | *’ostō | ||
| 9 | *newn̥ | ||
| 10 | *desm̥ | ||
| 20 | ṭuwīsn̥ti | ||
| 30 | trīsant | ||
| 100 | *sn̥tom | ||