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Pulqer/Kelt: Difference between revisions
→Grammar
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Roots and Stems=== | ===Roots and Stems=== | ||
The basic element of the Kelt word is a root, usually mono- or disyllabic, which has a basic meaning but does not belong to a particular part of speech. | The basic element of the Kelt word is a root, usually mono- or disyllabic, which has a basic meaning but does not belong to a particular part of speech. | ||
Words are transformed into particular parts of speech with the addition of affixes. | |||
There are two basic patterns of relationship: | There are two basic patterns of relationship: | ||
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:: ''ki'''sun'''eenamen'' "I saw him" | :: ''ki'''sun'''eenamen'' "I saw him" | ||
:: ''ni'''tśu'''kali'' "we are eating (something)". | :: ''ni'''tśu'''kali'' "we are eating (something)". | ||
The reflexive is used with all persons but only with verb stems, e.g. ''li'''keru'''neenamen'' "you saw yourself", ''si'''keru'''tanya'' "he will kill himself". | The reflexive is used with all persons but only with verb stems, e.g. ''li'''keru'''neenamen'' "you saw yourself", ''si'''keru'''tanya'' "he will kill himself". | ||
====Possessive Prefixes==== | |||
Possessive prefixes form part of a series of personal prefixes which occur for each person and number, as well as masculine and other in the 3rd person singular only (3rd pl. ''wey-'' is used for both genders). There is also an impersonal prefix ''tśey-'' "someone's" used when the possessor is not known or when speaking generally (e.g. ''tśeyenuuk'' "someone's dog"). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 25px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| ''key-'' | |||
| ''ney-'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| ''ley-'' | |||
| ''tey-'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3m | |||
| ''sey-'' | |||
| rowspan="2;" | ''wey-'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3o | |||
| ''hey-'' | |||
|- | |||
! Imp. | |||
| colspan="2; | ''tśey-'' | |||
|} | |||
Possessive prefixes may be used in the following ways: | |||
* added to a construct noun to denote possession: | |||
:: ''keyaqral'' "my house" | |||
:: ''weyaahatal'' "their children" | |||
* added to a preposition to denote its object: | |||
:: ''leyfalta'' "around you" | |||
:: ''heysafelat'' "on top of it" | |||
* added to a numeral or indefinite pronoun to denote the object of a partitive phrase (usually only plural pronouns): | |||
:: ''neywak'' "four of us" | |||
:: ''weymaman'' "some of them" | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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* ''p-'' "this", denoting things close to the speaker or recently mentioned, e.g. ''piiput'' "these men" | * ''p-'' "this", denoting things close to the speaker or recently mentioned, e.g. ''piiput'' "these men" | ||
* ''qr-'' "that" denoting things far away or abstract, e.g. ''qrahatal'' "that girl/child". | * ''qr-'' "that" denoting things far away or abstract, e.g. ''qrahatal'' "that girl/child". | ||
====Verbal Prefixes==== | ====Verbal Prefixes==== | ||