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Pulqer/Old Pulqer: Difference between revisions
→Morphology
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| Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nom-Acc. | ! Nom-Acc. | ||
| filtśa | | ''filtśa'' | ||
| filtśe | | ''filtśe'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Gen-Dat. | ! Gen-Dat. | ||
| filtśe | |'' filtśe'' | ||
| filtśi | | ''filtśi'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 123: | Line 123: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nom-Acc. | ! Nom-Acc. | ||
| mueru | | ''mueru'' | ||
| rowspan="2;" | mueri | | rowspan="2;" | ''mueri'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Gen-Dat. | ! Gen-Dat. | ||
| mueri | | ''mueri'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
: '''3. | : '''3. E-Stems (masculine & feminine)''' | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;" | ||
! colspan="3;" | ''ifante'' "baby" | ! colspan="3;" | ''ifante'' "baby" | ||
| Line 140: | Line 140: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nom-Acc. | ! Nom-Acc. | ||
| ifante | | ''ifante'' | ||
| ifanti | | ''ifanti'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Gen-Dat. | ! Gen-Dat. | ||
| ifanti | | ''ifanti'' | ||
| ifantu | | ''ifantu'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 202: | Line 202: | ||
* ''at une khaese'' "to a house" | * ''at une khaese'' "to a house" | ||
* ''una arpre'' "a tree" | * ''una arpre'' "a tree" | ||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Positive adjectives are declined in much the same way as nouns and agree in gender, number and case with the noun they qualify. There are two declensions for adjectives: the first takes ''u''-stem endings for masculine nouns and ''a''-stem endings with feminine nouns; the second follows the ''e''-stem endings end does not differ for gender. Adjectives follow their head noun. | |||
: '''A/U-Stems''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''puenu'' <br /> "good" | |||
! colspan="2;" | Masculine | |||
! colspan="2;" | Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Pl. | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc | |||
| ''puenu'' | |||
| rowspan="2; | ''pueni'' | |||
| ''puena'' | |||
| ''puene'' | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| ''pueni'' | |||
| ''puene'' | |||
| ''pueni'' | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* ''isu unne puenu'' "the good man" | |||
* ''isa tśaena mantśa'' "the big door" | |||
* ''aratsueni pueni'' "good reasons" | |||
: '''E-Stems''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''thriste'' <br /> "sad" | |||
! colspan="2;" | Masculine/Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc | |||
| ''thriste'' | |||
| ''thristi'' | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| ''thristi'' | |||
| ''thristu'' | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* ''isu unne thriste'' "the sad man" | |||
* ''ise tśaene pirte'' "the green doors" | |||
* ''isa filtśa filiekke te une finne thristi'' "the happy daughter of a sad woman" | |||
====Comparison==== | |||
The comparative of regular adjectives may be formed with the adverbs ''mai'' "more" or ''mankku'' "less" followed by the positive adjective: | |||
* ''mai filiekke'' "happier" | |||
* ''mankku thriste'' "less sad" | |||
* ''mai nu'' "newer" | |||
The object of comparison is introduced with ''qha'', e.g. ''mai khaltu qha fuekku'' "hotter than fire". | |||
The superlative is formed in the same way with the article preceding either the adverb (in predicates) or the noun (in attributes): | |||
* ''Martsu es isu mai filiekke'' "Martsu is the happiest" | |||
* ''isa nutte mai lunku'' "the longest night" | |||
* ''ise phersuene mai thristi te isu muntu'' "the saddest people in the world" | |||
The following adjectives have irregular comparative forms: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 150px;" | | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Comparative | |||
! style="width: 120px;" | Superlative | |||
|- | |||
| ''puenu'' "good" || ''meltśuere'' || ''isu meltśuere'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''maelu'' "bad" || ''petśuere'' || ''isu petśuere'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''tśuene'' "young" || ''tśuntśuere'' || ''isu tśuntśuere'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''mantśu'' "big" || ''matśuere'' || ''isu matśuere'' | |||
|} | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||