Pulqer/Old Pulqer: Difference between revisions

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| ''mantśu'' "big" || ''matśuere'' || ''isu matśuere''
| ''mantśu'' "big" || ''matśuere'' || ''isu matśuere''
|}
|}
===Numerals===
====Cardinals====
Cardinals are placed before the noun they qualify and most are indeclinable. Only ''unu'' "one", ''tuu'' "two", or compounds ending in these numerals (e.g. ''pintiunu'' "21") are declined, agreeing in gender, number and case with the following noun. As with English, nouns following "one" are in the singular and all other nouns, including those following compounds of "one" are in the plural. Thus, when followed by a noun, a numeral like ''pintiunu'' will always be in the plural (e.g. ''pintiuni khaeni'' "21 dogs". Note that ''khentu'' "hundred" does not decline, but the plural ''-kkenti'' used in compounds has feminine forms ''-kkente'' (NApl) and ''-kkenti'' (GDpl), e.g. ''tukkenti unni'' "two hundred men", ''tukkente finne'' "two hundred women".
====Ordinals====
The ordinal numerals are adjectives that decline like any other and usually follow the noun they modify, agreeing in gender, case and number with that noun. Note that ''phriemu'' "first" means simply the first in a series when following the noun, but means "foremost, superior" when preceding (e.g. ''isu phriemu arike'' "the foremost king" vs. ''isu arike phriemu'' "the first man").
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Cardinal
! style="width: 100px;" | Ordinal
|-
! 1
| ''unu, una''
| ''phriemu''
|-
! 2
| ''tuu, tua''
| ''sekkuntu''
|-
! 3
| ''thri''
| ''thertsu''
|-
! 4
| ''qattru''
| ''qartu''
|-
! 5
| ''tsinqe''
| ''qintu''
|-
! 6
| ''ses''
| ''sestu''
|-
! 7
| ''sette''
| ''settimu''
|-
! 8
| ''uttu''
| ''uttaepu, uttimu''
|-
! 9
| ''nuepe''
| ''nunu, nuepimu''
|-
! 10
| ''tekke''
| ''tetsimu''
|-
! 11
| ''untsi''
| ''untsimu''
|-
! 12
| ''tutsi''
| ''tutsimu''
|-
! 13
| ''thretsi''
| ''thretsimu''
|-
! 14
| ''qatuertsi''
| ''qatuertsimu''
|-
! 15
| ''qintsi''
| ''qintsimu''
|-
! 16
| ''sitsi''
| ''sitsimu''
|-
! 17
| ''tekkesette''
| ''tekkesettimu
|-
! 18
| ''tekkuttu''
| ''tekkuttimu''
|-
! 19
| ''tekkenupe''
| ''tekkenupimu''
|-
! 20
| ''pinti''
| ''pikkismu'', ''pintimu''
|-
! 21
| ''pintiunu''
| ''pintiunimu''
|-
! 22
| ''pintituu''
| ''pintituimu''
|-
! 23
| ''pintittri''
| ''pintittrimu''
|-
! 30
| ''thrinta''
| ''thrintimu''
|-
! 40
| ''qarainta''
| ''qaraintimu''
|-
! 50
| ''tsinqainta''
| ''tsinqaintimu''
|-
! 60
| ''sesainta''
| ''sesaintimu''
|-
! 70
| ''settainta''
| ''settaintimu''
|-
! 80
| ''uttainta''
| ''uttaintimu''
|-
! 90
| ''nunainta''
| ''nunaintimu''
|-
! 100
| ''khentu''
| ''khentimu''
|-
! 101
| ''khentu unu''
| ''khentu phrimu''
|-
! 102
| ''khentu tuu''
| ''khentu sekkuntu''
|-
! 200
| ''tukkenti''
| ''tukkentimu''
|-
! 300
| ''thrikkenti''
| ''thrikkentimu''
|-
! 1000
| ''mille''
| ''millimu''
|-
! 2000
| ''tumille''
| ''tumillimu''
|}
====Fractions====
Most fractions are identical to their ordinal form, e.g. ''unu thertsu'' "one third", ''qattru sesti'' "four sixths", ''thri qarti'' "three quarters". The word for "half" is ''metśu''.
There are extended nominal forms indicating standard parts of a whole, ''meittatte'' "half", ''thertsaertśu'' "third", ''qartaertśu'' "quarter", ''tsintaertśu'' "fifth", ''sestaertśu'' "sixth".
====Multiplicatives====
Multiplicatives are formed from the cardinal numerals followed by the feminine noun ''pieke'' "time" (pl. ''pieki''), e.g. ''una pieke'' "once", ''tua pieki'' "twice", ''thri pieki'' "thrice" etc.


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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====Possessive Pronouns====
====Possessive Pronouns====
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives declined much like any other, agreeing in person and number with the referent but in gender to the modified noun. For example, ''suu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khatta'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakke'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".  
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives that decline much like any other, agreeing in gender, case and number with the noun they modify. They may be used pronominally as a predicate (e.g. ''{THIS} es thuu'' "this is yours", or adjectivally preceding a noun (e.g. ''thua matre'' "your mother"). There are different pronouns for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons in singular and plural, but no distinction is made between the gender of the 'subject'. The basic (masc. sing.) forms are ''meu'' "my", ''theu'' "thy, you (sg)", ''seu'' "his, her, its", ''nustru'' "our", ''pustru'' "your (pl.)" and ''isuru'' "their". For example, ''seu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khatta'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakke'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".
 
The full declension is shown below:


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
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! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | 1st Sg. <br /> "my"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | 1st Sg. <br /> "my"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''miu''
| ''meu''
| rowspan="2; | ''mii
| rowspan="2; | ''mei
| ''mia''
| ''mia''
| ''mie''
| ''mie''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''mii''
| ''mei''
| ''mie''
| ''mie''
| ''mii''
| ''mei''
|-
|-
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Sg. <br /> "thy"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Sg. <br /> "thy"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''thuu''
| ''theu''
| rowspan="2; | ''thui
| rowspan="2; | ''thei
| ''thua''
| ''thua''
| ''thue''
| ''thue''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''thui''
| ''thei''
| ''thue''
| ''thue''
| ''thui''
| ''thei''
|-
|-
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Sg. <br /> "his, her, its"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Sg. <br /> "his, her, its"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''suu''
| ''seu''
| rowspan="2; | ''sui
| rowspan="2; | ''sei
| ''sua''
| ''sua''
| ''sue''
| ''sue''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''sui''
| ''sei''
| ''sue''
| ''sue''
| ''sui''
| ''sei''
|-
|-
|-
|-
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| ''isure''
| ''isure''
| ''isuri''
| ''isuri''
|}
===Demonstratives===
The demonstrative pronouns are ''khustu'' "this", ''khullu'' "that", which decline by gender, number and case according to the noun being described (''khustu, khusta, khusti, khuste'' etc.).
===Verbs===
: '''First Conjugation: ''-aere'' verbs'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px;" | ''AMAERE'' <br /> "love"
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 120px;"  | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''aemu'' <br /> ''aema'' <br /> ''aematt'' <br /> ''amaemu'' <br /> ''amaetti'' <br /> ''aemant''
| ''amaepu'' <br /> ''amaepa'' <br /> ''amaepatt'' <br /> ''amapaemu'' <br /> ''amapaetti'' <br /> ''amaepant''
| ''aeme'' <br /> ''aemi'' <br /> ''aemett'' <br /> ''ameimu'' <br /> ''ameitti'' <br /> ''aement''
| ''amaere'' <br /> ''amaeri'' <br /> ''amaerett'' <br /> ''amariemu'' <br /> ''amarietti'' <br /> ''amaerent''
| - <br /> ''aema'' <br /> - <br /> - <br /> ''amaette'' <br /> -
|-
! Infinitive <br /> Gerund <br /> Past Participle
| colspan="6;" style="text-align:left;" | ''amaere'' <br /> ''amantu'' <br /> ''amaettu''
|}
: '''Second Conjugation: ''-iere'' verbs'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px;" | ''THIMIERE'' <br /> "fear"
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 120px;"  | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''thiemu'' <br /> ''thiemi'' <br /> ''thiemitt'' <br /> ''thimiemu'' <br /> ''thimietti'' <br /> ''thiemunt''
| ''thimiepu'' <br /> ''thimiepa'' <br /> ''thimiepatt'' <br /> ''thimipaemu'' <br /> ''thimipaetti'' <br /> ''thimiepant''
| ''thiema'' <br /> ''thiema'' <br /> ''thiematt'' <br /> ''thimaemu'' <br /> ''thimaetti'' <br /> ''thiemant''
| ''thimiere'' <br /> ''thimieri'' <br /> ''thimierett'' <br /> ''thimiriemu'' <br /> ''thimirietti'' <br /> ''thimierent''
| - <br /> ''thiemi'' <br /> - <br /> - <br /> ''thimiette'' <br /> -
|-
! Infinitive <br /> Gerund <br /> Past Participle
| colspan="6;" style="text-align:left;" | ''thimiere'' <br /> ''thimentu'' <br /> ''thimiettu''
|}
: '''Third Conjugation: ''-re'' verbs'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px;" | ''PHEITTRE'' <br /> "ask"
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 120px;"  | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''pheittu'' <br /> ''pheitti'' <br /> ''pheittitt'' <br /> ''pheittimu'' <br /> ''pheittitti'' <br /> ''pheittunt''
| ''phettiepu'' <br /> ''phettiepa'' <br /> ''phettiepatt'' <br /> ''phettipaemu'' <br /> ''phettipaetti'' <br /> ''phettiepant''
| ''pheitta'' <br /> ''pheitta'' <br /> ''pheittatt'' <br /> ''phettaemu'' <br /> ''phettaetti'' <br /> ''pheittant''
| ''pheittre'' <br /> ''pheittri'' <br /> ''pheittrett'' <br /> ''phettriemu'' <br /> ''phettrietti'' <br /> ''pheittrent''
| - <br /> ''pheitte'' <br /> - <br /> - <br /> ''pheittitte'' <br /> -
|-
! Infinitive <br /> Gerund <br /> Past Participle
| colspan="6;" style="text-align:left;" | ''pheittre'' <br /> ''phettentu'' <br /> ''pheittittu''
|}
: '''Irregular: ''eisre'' "to be"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px;" | ''EISRE'' <br /> "be"
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 120px;"  | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''sue'' <br /> ''ei'' <br /> ''est'' <br /> ''sumu'' <br /> ''eisti'' <br /> ''sunt''
| ''eiru'' <br /> ''eira'' <br /> ''eiratt'' <br /> ''eraemu'' <br /> ''eraetti'' <br /> ''eirant''
| ''sie'' <br /> ''sie'' <br /> ''sitt'' <br /> ''siemu'' <br /> ''sietti'' <br /> ''sint''
| ''eisre'' <br /> ''eisri'' <br /> ''eisrett'' <br /> ''esriemu'' <br /> ''esrietti'' <br /> ''eisrent''
| - <br /> ''ei'' <br /> - <br /> - <br /> ''este'' <br /> -
|-
! Infinitive <br /> Gerund <br /> Past Participle
| colspan="6;" style="text-align:left;" | ''eisre'' <br /> ''esentu'' <br /> ''eisittu''
|}
|}


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