Pulqer/Old Pulqer

Old Pulqer (Pul. Pulkaeri) is a Romance language spoken between approximately the 3rd and 10th centuries AD in the island of Jaques (Pul. Tśaqa).

Phonology and Orthography

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i(ː)	u(ː)
Open-mid	ɛ
Open	a

The high vowels /i, u/ are long in stressed open syllables, when followed by a single consonant + vowel (e.g. muru /muːru/), and they are short in all other environments. The low vowels /a, ɛ/ are always short (their long variants are diphthongised to /ae, ei/).

The following diphthongs also occur: /ae, ai, au, ei, ui/.

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Velar
Plain	Labial
Nasal	m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	Aspirated	ph, pp /pʰ/	th, tt /tʰ/		kh, kk /kʰ/	qh, qq /kʷʰ/
Unaspirated	p /p/	t /t/		k /k/	q /kʷ/
Fricative	f /ɸ/	s /s/	ś /ʃ/
Affricate		ts /t͡s/	tś /t͡ʃ/
Trill		r /r/
Lateral app.		l /l/

Notes:

• The aspirated plosives are written ph, th etc word-initially and pp, tt etc medially.
• Plosives and fricatives may not occur as geminates.
• Liquids (/n, m, l, r/) may be geminated and are written double, e.g. nn, rr etc.