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Qino: Difference between revisions
→Sandhi and Allophony
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
====Sandhi and Allophony==== | ====Sandhi and Allophony==== | ||
*Between vowels (may not always occur for all speakers | *Between vowels (may not always occur for all speakers especially before accented vowels): | ||
**/b, d, d͡ʒ, ɡ/ → [β ~ β̞, ð ~ ð̞, ʝ ~ j, ɣ ~ ɣ̞] | **/b, d, d͡ʒ, ɡ/ → [β ~ β̞, ð ~ ð̞, ʝ ~ j, ɣ ~ ɣ̞] | ||
**/ɓ, ɗ, ʄ, ɠ/ → [β̞ˀ ~ ˀβ̞, ɾˀ ~ ˀɾ, jˀ ~ ˀj, ɰˀ ~ ˀɰ] | **/ɓ, ɗ, ʄ, ɠ/ → [β̞ˀ ~ ˀβ̞, ɾˀ ~ ˀɾ, jˀ ~ ˀj, ɰˀ ~ ˀɰ] | ||
*''mbh, ndh, njh, nq'' are pronounced [mːˀ, nːˀ, ɲːˀ, ŋːˀ] (may not occur for all speakers) | *''mbh, ndh, njh, nq'' are pronounced [mːˀ, nːˀ, ɲːˀ, ŋːˀ] (may not occur for all speakers) | ||
*When a homorganic diphthong (i.e. ''e(e)y, i(i)y, o(o)w, u(u)w'') would occur, the semi-vowel is dropped before applying sandhi. | |||
*''-n-'' of 1st person plural: | *''-n-'' of 1st person plural: | ||
**''bh, dh, lh, jh, q + n'' → [mnˀ, nːˀ, ɲːˀ, ŋnˀ] (written ''bhn, dhn'', etc) | **''bh, dh, lh, jh, q + n'' → [mnˀ, nːˀ, ɲːˀ, ŋnˀ] (written ''bhn, dhn'', etc) | ||
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**''t, s + n'' → ''nn'' | **''t, s + n'' → ''nn'' | ||
**''sh + n'' → ''ny'' [ɲː] | **''sh + n'' → ''ny'' [ɲː] | ||
*''-t-'' of 2nd person, 3rd person feminine | **''y + n'' → ''ny'' (after non-front vowels) | ||
**''w + n'' → ''nn'' (after unrounded vowels) | |||
*''-t-'' of 2nd person, 3rd person feminine, singulative: | |||
**''bh, dh, lh, q'': ''t'' becomes ''dh'' (''bh, dh, lh'' + ''dh'' are written ''bdh, ddh, ldh'') | **''bh, dh, lh, q'': ''t'' becomes ''dh'' (''bh, dh, lh'' + ''dh'' are written ''bdh, ddh, ldh'') | ||
**''jh + t'' → ''jjh'' [ʄː] | **''jh + t'' → ''jjh'' [ʄː] | ||
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**''j + t'' → ''jj'' | **''j + t'' → ''jj'' | ||
**''sh + t'' → ''ch'' [t͡ʃː] | **''sh + t'' → ''ch'' [t͡ʃː] | ||
**''l + t'' → ''lch'' | |||
**''y + t'' → ''tt'' (after back vowels) | |||
**''w + t'' → ''tt'' (after unrounded vowels) | |||
*''-k-'' of singulative: | *''-k-'' of singulative: | ||
**''bh, dh, lh, q'': ''k'' becomes ''q'' | **''bh, dh, lh, q'': ''k'' becomes ''q'' | ||
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**''b, d, g'': ''k'' becomes ''g'' | **''b, d, g'': ''k'' becomes ''g'' | ||
**''j + k'' → ''jj'' | **''j + k'' → ''jj'' | ||
**''sh + k'' → ''ch'' | |||
**''y + k'' → ''ch'' (after back vowels) | |||
**''w + k'' → ''kk'' (after unrounded vowels) | |||
*post-vocalic ''k'' → ''sh'' (after front vowels); ''h'' (after non-front vowels) | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||