138,726
edits
Quame languages: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
mNo edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (49 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| child1 = [[Roshterian|Roshtero]]-[[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | | child1 = [[Roshterian|Roshtero]]-[[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | ||
| child2 = [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] | | child2 = [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] | ||
| | | child3 = [[Aewedanoan]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm-'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Talmic''', are a language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of [[Sowaár]] to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established. | The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm-'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Talmic''', are a language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of [[Sowaár]] to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established. | ||
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). | |||
==Family tree== | ==Family tree== | ||
{{clade | {{clade | ||
| Line 208: | Line 211: | ||
*smo = our (exc) (Thn.''-smo'', Nqu. ''zmo'') | *smo = our (exc) (Thn.''-smo'', Nqu. ''zmo'') | ||
*sgwiX = our (inc) (Thn. ''-swē'', Nqu. ''zquī'') | *sgwiX = our (inc) (Thn. ''-swē'', Nqu. ''zquī'') | ||
*dkoX | *dkoX = blotp's (Thn. ''-scō'', Nqu. ''tłō'') | ||
====Demonstratives==== | ====Demonstratives==== | ||
| Line 217: | Line 220: | ||
===Ablaut=== | ===Ablaut=== | ||
Much like | Much like PIE, PQ had an ablaut system where roots (usually of 2 or 3 consonants) were inflected in different ablaut grades. | ||
Functions of ablaut | Functions of ablaut | ||
| Line 248: | Line 251: | ||
*consonant stems | *consonant stems | ||
*heteroclitic stems: r/s | *heteroclitic stems: r/s | ||
====Definite article ''* | ====Definite article ''*hān~hin-''==== | ||
*nom: sg. ''hān'', ''honi'', ''hons''; pl. ''nis'', ''nar'', ''non'' | |||
*acc: sg. ''nam'', ''nas'', ''hin''; pl. ''nôi'', ''nôd'', ''nôs'' | |||
*dat: sg. ''nīd'', ''nea'', ''nis''; pl. ''nôsis'', ''naisis'', ''nôsis'' | |||
*gen: sg. ''nī'', ''nea'', ''nā''; pl. ''nôni'', ''naini'', ''nôni'' | |||
====Nouns==== | |||
=====Strong declension===== | |||
(similar but not exactly the same endings as the definite article) | |||
=====Weak declension===== | |||
(a lot of redundancy; nom. def. -t > def. -tł in Naquian, const. state *-t in Talmic) | |||
The weak declension was the form used with definite articles. | |||
The construct state (possessed noun in genitive phrases) was indicated by a weak declension noun that was ''not'' preceded by the definite article. | |||
*''tekts'' = a child (nom.) | |||
*''hans tektat'' = the child (nom.) | |||
*''hī hrondīn tektat'' or ''tektat hī hrondīn'' = the man's child (nom.) | |||
====Adjectives==== | ====Adjectives==== | ||
=====Strong declension===== | |||
=====Weak declension===== | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
| Line 259: | Line 282: | ||
*Austronesian alignment, realized with various trigger verb prefixes. | *Austronesian alignment, realized with various trigger verb prefixes. | ||
====Stative conjugation==== | ====Stative conjugation==== | ||
-dei, -woi, - | -dei, -woi, -pim, -pi, -ps, -me(r), -nte(r), -kʷe(r), -be(r) | ||
====Active conjugation==== | ====Active conjugation==== | ||
-ni, -ri, -mi, -si, -ø, -mek, -nti, - | -ni, -ri, -mi, -si, -ø, -mek, -nti, -kʷi, -ti | ||
====Participles==== | |||
*''-kʷom'' = active ptcp. | |||
**variant ''-nkʷom, -ikʷoi, -skʷos'' | |||
*''-nom'' = passive ptcp. | |||
==Derivations== | ==Derivations== | ||
*''-tl-, -tlom'' = agent, instrument, participle | *''-tl-, -tlom'' = agent, instrument, participle | ||
*''-ā-'' = verbalizer from nouns | *''-ā-'' = verbalizer from nouns | ||
*''-ye-, -i-'' = verbalizer from adjectives | *''-ye-, -i-'' = verbalizer from adjectives and verbs | ||
*''-ma-'' = adjective | |||