Quame languages: Difference between revisions

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Quame languages (view source)

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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
| region      = Traditionally all over Schrubstiempf and in western Kuderau; today worldwide
| setting    = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]
| name        = Quihum
| creator    = User:IlL
| familycolor = PfK
| region      = Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide
| family      = One of Hussmauch's primary language families
| name        = Quame
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quihum]]
| altname    = Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern
| child1 = [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]]
| familycolor = Quame
| child2 = [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| family      = One of Tricin's primary language families
| child3 = [[Naquic languages|Naquic]]
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quame]]
| child4 = [[Shoeic languages|Shoeic]]
| child5 = [[Kammalic language|Kammalic]]
}}
}}


The '''Quihum languages''' ('''Quih''') are moderately inflecting languages that use mainly suffixing, ablaut, and infixing morphology. They are descended from [[Proto-Quihum]] ('''PQuih'''). It is inspired by Indo-European and Pacific Northwest languages.
The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman''', are a major language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established.
 
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago.
 
Proto-Quame phonology is inspired by classical IE languages (esp. Greek and Proto-Celtic) and Tsez.
 
==Family tree==
* Quame
** [[Talmic languages]]
** [[Roshterian]]
** [[Nurian]]
** [[Naquian]]
** [[Wiobian]]
** [[Aevehāne]]
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of Trician scholars.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! rowspan="2" |Dental
! rowspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''*m'''
| '''*n'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>plain (asp.)</small>
|
| '''*t'''
| '''*T'''
|
| '''*k'''
| '''*kʷ'''
| '''*q'''
| '''*qʷ'''
| '''*{{aleph}}'''
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
|
| '''*tʼ'''
| '''*Tʼ'''
|
| '''*kʼ'''
| '''*kʷʼ'''
| '''*qʼ'''
| '''*qʷʼ'''
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''*b'''
| '''*d'''
| '''*D'''
|
| '''*g'''
| '''*gʷ'''
| '''*ɢ'''
| '''*ɢʷ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''*φ'''
| '''*s'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
|
| '''*l'''
| '''*r'''
| '''*y''' /j/
|
| '''*w'''
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''*i *ī'''
| 
| '''*u *ū'''
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''*e *ē'''
| 
| '''*o *ō'''
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''*a *ā'''
|
|}
 
===Suprasegmentals===
Stress was phonemic.
 
===Phonotactics===
Rules:
*Grassmann's Law operates in many descendants.
 
==Grammar==
===Typology===
No case, number + classifier marking articles, clusivity (very un-IE)
 
OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics
=== Classifiers ===
*qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
*ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne
*kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests
*φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates
*smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
*oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects
*φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets
*gī, pl. krūh = food items
*rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ...
*kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
** Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.
 
==Derivational morphology==
* ''-sa'': "Caland" suffix
* Compounding (head-final)
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]]


==Phylogeny==
{{clade
|label1=[[Proto-Quihum]]
|1={{clade
  |label1=[[Proto-Talmic]]
  |1={{clade
    |label1=[[Thensarian|Noble Thensarian]] <abbr title="Khmero-Greco-Latin with Hebrew grammar."><sup>?</sup></abbr>
    |1={{clade
    |1=[[Nurian]] <abbr title="Arabo-Slavo-Italian with an American accent."><sup>?</sup></abbr>
    |2=[[Qelorian]] <abbr title="French parody."><sup>?</sup></abbr>
    |3=[[Bênôcême]] <abbr title="Portuguese-esque, with front rounded vowels."><sup>?</sup></abbr>
      }}
    |2=[[Andarin]] <abbr title="A take on &quot;minimalistic Elvish&quot;."><sup>?</sup></abbr>
  }}
  |label2=[[Pfeunic languages|Proto-Pfeunic]]
  |2={{clade
      |label1=Proto-Whetmer-Wiebic
      |1={{clade
        |label1=[[Ancient Wiebian]]
        |1={{clade
            |label1=[[Middle Wiebian]]
            |1={{clade
              |1=[[Reber Wiebian]]
              |2=[[Zwehrer]]
              |3=[[Gaufian]]
              |4=[[Feisen]]
              |5={{clade
                  |1=[[Wirne]]
                  |2=[[Qe Wiebian|Qe]]
                  }}
              }}
            |label2=[[Old Cuatham]]
            |2={{clade
              |1=[[Cuatham]]
              |2=[[Schnüher]]
              |3=[[Dürchenditz]]
              }}
            |3=[[Hederdau]]
            |4=[[Bruusing]]
            |5=[[Kagasa]]
            }}
        |2=[[Wrieken]] (†)
        |label3=[[Old Whetmer]]
        |3=[[Whetmer]]
        }}
      |2=[[Ciāmśdier]]
      }}
  |label3=Proto-Naquic
  |3={{clade
    |label1=[[Naquian]]
    |1={{clade
        |1=[[Atzòpic]]
        |2=[[Tizian]]
        }}
    |2=[[Phoshic languages|Phoshic]]
    }}
  |label4=[[Proto-Kammalic]]
  |4={{clade
    |1=[[Kammalian]]
    |2=[[Hmooby-Doo]]
    |3=[[Czechmate]]
    |label4=geminates > ejectives
    |4={{clade
        |1=[[Dholuomite]]
        |2=fricativeless Ubykh
        |3=Japanese-esque
        }}
    |label5=Bantu gib
    |5=Manx-ish
    |6=[[Xaetjeonw]]
    }}
  |label5=[[Shoeic languages|Proto-Shoeic]]
  |5={{clade
    |label1=[[Boot Polish]]
    |1={{clade|1=[[Reboot Polish]]
        |2=[[Kashoebian]]
        }}
    |2=Salish-Russian hybrid
    |3=Hiberno-Salish
    }}
  |6=[[Sesamic languages|Sesamic]]
  |7=Witcanic
  |8=[[Adetsib]] (''ʔAdəʔcʼib'')
  |9=[[Blingit]]
  |10=[[Tuna Saanich]]
  }}
}}


[[Category:Language families|Q]]
[[Category:Language families|Q]]
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