Quame languages: Difference between revisions

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Quame languages (view source)

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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
| setting    = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]
| setting    = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]
| region      = Txapoalli, Bjeheond, Etalocin
| creator    = User:IlL
| name        = Quihum
| region      = Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide
| familycolor = PfK
| name        = Quame
| altname    = Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern
| familycolor = Quame
| family      = One of Tricin's primary language families
| family      = One of Tricin's primary language families
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quihum]]
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quame]]
| child1 = [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| child2 = [[Sjowaazhic languages|Sjowaazhic]]
}}
}}


The '''Quihum languages''' ('''Qm''') are a major language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]], descended from [[Proto-Quihum]] ('''PQm''').
The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman''', are a major language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established.
 
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago.
 
Proto-Quame phonology is inspired by classical IE languages (esp. Greek and Proto-Celtic) and Tsez.
 
==Family tree==
* Quame
** [[Talmic languages]]
** [[Roshterian]]
** [[Nurian]]
** [[Naquian]]
** [[Wiobian]]
** [[Aevehāne]]
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of Trician scholars.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! rowspan="2" |Dental
! rowspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''*m'''
| '''*n'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>plain (asp.)</small>
|
| '''*t'''
| '''*T'''
|
| '''*k'''
| '''*kʷ'''
| '''*q'''
| '''*qʷ'''
| '''*{{aleph}}'''
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
|
| '''*tʼ'''
| '''*Tʼ'''
|
| '''*kʼ'''
| '''*kʷʼ'''
| '''*qʼ'''
| '''*qʷʼ'''
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''*b'''
| '''*d'''
| '''*D'''
|
| '''*g'''
| '''*gʷ'''
| '''*ɢ'''
| '''*ɢʷ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''*φ'''
| '''*s'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
|
| '''*l'''
| '''*r'''
| '''*y''' /j/
|
| '''*w'''
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''*i *ī'''
| 
| '''*u *ū'''  
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''*e *ē'''
| 
| '''*o *ō'''
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''*a *ā'''
|
|}
 
===Suprasegmentals===
Stress was phonemic.
 
===Phonotactics===
Rules:
*Grassmann's Law operates in many descendants.
 
==Grammar==
===Typology===
No case, number + classifier marking articles, clusivity (very un-IE)
 
OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics
=== Classifiers ===
*qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
*ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne
*kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests
*φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates
*smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
*oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects
*φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets
*gī, pl. krūh = food items
*rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ...
*kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
** Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.
 
==Derivational morphology==
* ''-sa'': "Caland" suffix
* Compounding (head-final)
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]]


==Phylogeny==
{{clade
  |label1=[[Proto-Quihum]]
  |1={{clade
      |1=[[Talmic languages]]
      |2=[[Sjowaazhic languages]]
      |3=[[Pfiunic languages]]
      |4={{clade
          |label1=[[Primitive !Zoom]]
          |1={{clade
              |1=[[!Zoom]]
              |2=Ashkas (Comic Sanskrit)
            }}
          }}
      |5=[[Apple PIE]]
    }}
}}


[[Category:Language families|Q]]
[[Category:Language families|Q]]
IlL
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