138,726
edits
Scellan: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Derivational morphology
m (→Verbs) |
|||
| (18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
Talmic vocab needs more b's and Cr-s | Talmic vocab needs more b's and Cr-s | ||
*Goal: Memrise courses | |||
*Goal: | |||
*"Reason, Compassion and Action" | *"Reason, Compassion and Action" | ||
**Symbolized by Borromean rings? | **Symbolized by Borromean rings? | ||
| Line 50: | Line 49: | ||
**metals: -cis | **metals: -cis | ||
*How much are adjectives like verbs? What tense markers can they take? | *How much are adjectives like verbs? What tense markers can they take? | ||
*The "21 accents" of Skellan | *The "21 accents" of Skellan | ||
*(Sometimes misleading) nationality descriptors - like ''french fries'' or ''English horn'' in English | *(Sometimes misleading) nationality descriptors - like ''french fries'' or ''English horn'' in English | ||
*Vowel changes before /χ/ | *Vowel changes before /χ/ | ||
*positive anymore | *positive anymore | ||
*HOW MANDATORY ARE NUMBER MARKERS? - They tend to be used more for human nouns. | *HOW MANDATORY ARE NUMBER MARKERS? - They tend to be used more for human nouns. | ||
| Line 63: | Line 60: | ||
*Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | *Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | ||
**No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in Windermere | **No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in Windermere | ||
*Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | *Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | ||
*more nouns with -i | *more nouns with -i | ||
| Line 89: | Line 85: | ||
<!-- BLACKLIST: reeb/reep, fyg/fyc, xit/xid, cynd/cynt, harvi, yrma/irma --> | <!-- BLACKLIST: reeb/reep, fyg/fyc, xit/xid, cynd/cynt, harvi, yrma/irma --> | ||
*Some way to say 'the X associated with each' or 'their respective X' | *Some way to say 'the X associated with each' or 'their respective X' | ||
==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
| Line 473: | Line 467: | ||
Verbs have little inflection, and the bulk of verbs are completely regular. | Verbs have little inflection, and the bulk of verbs are completely regular. | ||
Skellan preserves the [[Tigol]] tense system very well, but most of the forms have been replaced with analytic forms and particles. The following table roughly organizes the tense system of Modern Skellan as well as the regular forms for each in terms of principal parts (PRES = present stem; INF = infinitive; PST = past participle); These are not all of the possible tenses as different constructions can be combined, e.g. ''Tynd fa dy desg naw lly nee rree.'' 'I have been eating for three days.' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ | |+Skellan tense system | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | | ! | | ||
| Line 482: | Line 476: | ||
! |Present | ! |Present | ||
! |Future | ! |Future | ||
! |Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Imperfective | ! style="" |Imperfective | ||
|past imperfect<br/>''jo PRES'' | |||
|present<br/>''PRES'' | |||
|future I<br/>''PRES-t'' | |||
|imperative I<br/>''PRES-t!'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Perfective | |||
| simple past<br/>''PST'' (regularly ''PRES-in'') | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| future II<br/>''so VN'' | |||
| imperative II<br/>''PRES!'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Progressive | ! style="" |Progressive | ||
| / | | past progressive<br/>''fað dy INF'' | ||
| / | | present progressive<br/>''dy INF'' | ||
| / | | future progressive<br/>''fahd ___ dy INF'' | ||
| | | imperative progressive<br/>''fahd dy INF!'' | ||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Perfect | ! style="" |Perfect | ||
| / | | past perfect<br/>''fað tynd VN'' | ||
| / | | present perfect<br/>''tynd VN'' | ||
| / | | future perfect<br/>''so fa tynd VN'' | ||
| imperative perfect<br/>''fa tynd VN!'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
====Imperative==== | ====Imperative==== | ||
| Line 509: | Line 514: | ||
====Present==== | ====Present==== | ||
The present uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, ''Duvwñ, mol naw | The present uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, ''Duvwñ, mol naw iar'' means "Teacher, I thank you". | ||
Archaic Skellan (still used in some historical fiction) uses the following personal endings in the present tense: | Archaic Skellan (still used in some historical fiction) uses the following personal endings in the present tense: | ||
| Line 566: | Line 571: | ||
====Jussive==== | ====Jussive==== | ||
The jussive is high-register and is formed with the suffix ''-or''. It can be used in conditional statements expressing a generally true rule. | Normally the jussive is formed by using the complementizer ''emb'' before the clause: | ||
:'''''Ir le tic jyvad llyn! Emb asgarni ir dia jovi!''''' | |||
:2SG be how_much hate DAT.1SG COMP die_of_thirst 2SG in-SPEC desert | |||
:''I hate you so much! I hope you die of thirst in the desert!'' | |||
The morphological jussive is high-register and is formed with the suffix ''-or''. It can be used in conditional statements expressing a generally true rule. | |||
:'''''cehnor dy car''''' | :'''''cehnor dy car''''' | ||
| Line 597: | Line 608: | ||
!rowspan=3|Possessive | !rowspan=3|Possessive | ||
!|sg. | !|sg. | ||
|'' | |''cy''||''ho''||''ið''||''ih''||''ið''||''oo''||''of''||''os''||''id'' | ||
|rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | |rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|pl. | !|pl. | ||
|'' | |''cyn''||''hon''||''in''||''in''||''in''||''om''||''onf''||''ons''||''ind'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|emphatic | !|emphatic | ||
|''... | |''...rynta''||''...resta''||''...rebta''||''...reeta''||''...ryñta''||''...ribta''||''...regta''||''...reta''||''...rerta''||''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|Dative | !rowspan=2|Dative | ||
| Line 834: | Line 845: | ||
! rowspan="4"|To... | ! rowspan="4"|To... | ||
! Noun | ! Noun | ||
| ''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument)<br/>''- | | ''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument)<br/>''-ið'' (diminutive)<br/>''-óm'' (augmentative; Tseer)<br/>''-emb'' (female suffix)<br/>''ni-'' (non-)<br/>''ir-'' (un-)<br/>''bah-'' (sub-)<br/>''ñal-'' 'before'<br/>''tynd-'' 'after'<br/>''-arn'' (collective) | ||
| ''-ah'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-ev'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument) | | ''-ah'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-ev'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument) | ||
| ''-vih'' (abstract noun)<br/>''hal-''(abstract noun)<br/>''-u'' (abstract noun)<br/>''-igi'' (one characterized by X) | | ''-vih'' (abstract noun)<br/>''hal-''(abstract noun)<br/>''-u'' (abstract noun)<br/>''-igi'' (one characterized by X) | ||