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Scellan: Difference between revisions
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|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = að Eevo, a łynǿñ Eevo | |nativename = að Eevo, a łynǿñ Eevo | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Scellan''' ''SKEL-ən'' (natively ''Sgewlib'' {{small|Fyxoomian:}} /ˈskœ̃ˁʟip/; {{small|Scellan (Alcvean):}} /ˈskɛːʟip/, [[ | '''Scellan''' ''SKEL-ən'' (natively ''Sgewlib'' {{small|Fyxoomian:}} /ˈskœ̃ˁʟip/; {{small|Scellan (Alcvean):}} /ˈskɛːʟip/, [[Naeng]]: ''brits Scela''), in-universe often called '''Eevo''' ''AY-voh'' ({{small|Fyxoomian:}} /ˈaivɔ/; {{small|Scellan (Alcvean):}} /ˈevɔ/; from [[Tigol]] ''é-'' 'common' + ''bó'' 'language'), is a [[Talmic language]] belonging to the Tigolic branch. Scellan is modern [[Verse:Hmøøh|Hmøøh]]'s lingua franca, the third-most widely spoken language (after [[Hetomic]] and [[Clofabosin]]) and the most widely spoken Quame language. Its vocabulary has been influenced by many languages, most of all by [[Lakovic]] classical languages [[Naeng]] and [[Tseer]]. Typologically, Scellan is a mostly analytic, topic-prominent, head-initial, usually V2 language. | ||
The genesis of the modern Scellan language, dated to ca. fT 1792, is often credited to the Scellan philosopher and poet Oovsari Vyhalv. Scellan constituted a rejection of Mărotłism which used [[Tigol]] as a liturgical language; it prefers to cognatize Tigol words rather than borrowing them directly. The name ''Eevo'' refers to its origins as a Scellan koiné. Modern Scellan has been a living language for about 500 years, approximately fT 1792-2292. | The genesis of the modern Scellan language, dated to ca. fT 1792, is often credited to the Scellan philosopher and poet Oovsari Vyhalv. Scellan constituted a rejection of Mărotłism which used [[Tigol]] as a liturgical language; it prefers to cognatize Tigol words rather than borrowing them directly. The name ''Eevo'' refers to its origins as a Scellan koiné. Modern Scellan has been a living language for about 500 years, approximately fT 1792-2292. | ||
Scellan is official in the [[Talma]]n nation of [[Verse: | Scellan is official in the [[Talma]]n nation of [[Verse:Hmøøh/Scella|Scella]] (''Sgewla'') ''SKEL-ə''. It is also de facto official in [[Verse:Hmøøh/Fyxoom|Fyxoom]] ''fə-SHOME'', [[Verse:Hmøøh/Þrwhas|Þrwhas]] ''THROO-həs'', and many other countries. | ||
Scellan is inspired by Icelandic, Welsh, Hmong (orthography-wise; the word for 'people, folk' is ''hmoob'', in fact), English (especially Philadelphian and Scottish English), Khmer, and Gaelic. | Scellan is inspired by Icelandic, Welsh, Hmong (orthography-wise; the word for 'people, folk' is ''hmoob'', in fact), English (especially Philadelphian and Scottish English), Khmer, and Scottish Gaelic. | ||
{{Eevo sidebar}} | {{Eevo sidebar}} | ||
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*against, de-/dis-/un- | *against, de-/dis-/un- | ||
*Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | *Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | ||
**No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in | **No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in Naeng | ||
*Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | *Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | ||
*more nouns with -i | *more nouns with -i | ||
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*Loss of grammatical gender | *Loss of grammatical gender | ||
*A new sgv-plv-col system arises, marked by determiners. Definiteness is lost. | *A new sgv-plv-col system arises, marked by determiners. Definiteness is lost. | ||
*Old Scellan mutations were lost under the influence of | *Old Scellan mutations were lost under the influence of Naeng. | ||
*Development of split ergativity. | *Development of split ergativity. | ||
*Development of topic-comment syntax. | *Development of topic-comment syntax. | ||
*Smoothing of certain consonant clusters (e.g. -mn > -m, sñl- > | *Smoothing of certain consonant clusters (e.g. -mn > -m, sñl- > hml-) | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
* /t tʰ n ts/ are dental; /s z/ are often dentalized. | * /t tʰ n ts/ are dental; /s z/ are often dentalized. | ||
*If not word-final, the unaspirated plosives /p t k/ are most likely to be fully voiced in the clusters /mp nt ŋk/ | *If not word-final, the unaspirated plosives /p t k/ are most likely to be fully voiced in the clusters /mp nt ŋk/. Voicing is less likely after vowels and liquids and never occurs after obstruents. | ||
*Affricates /ts tʃ/ are aspirated but not as strongly as aspirated plosives. | *Affricates /ts tʃ/ are aspirated but not as strongly as aspirated plosives. | ||
*Aspiration is neutralized in coda; all plosives are unvoiced or all plosives are voiced, depending on the accent. | *Aspiration is neutralized in coda; all plosives are unvoiced or all plosives are voiced, depending on the accent. | ||
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===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress is not marked in the native orthography. Talmic words usually have initial stress, but prefixed verbs are usually not stressed on the prefix. | Stress is not marked in the native orthography. Talmic words usually have initial stress, but prefixed verbs are usually not stressed on the prefix. Naeng loans have final stress. | ||
The romanization used in this article and related material will mark non-initial stress with an acute accent. | The romanization used in this article and related material will mark non-initial stress with an acute accent. | ||
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[[File:Scellan script.png|thumbnail|500px|Scellan alphabet]] | [[File:Scellan script.png|thumbnail|500px|Scellan alphabet]] | ||
Scellan is written in the version of the Talmic alphabet, which is related to the Talman | Scellan is written in the version of the Talmic alphabet, which is related to the Talman Naeng script. The Scellan alphabet has 30 letters. | ||
Stress accent is not marked. (However, in materials for English speakers we will mark stress.) | Stress accent is not marked. (However, in materials for English speakers we will mark stress.) | ||
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The perfect is being used more and more commonly for any past event, especially in Fyxoomian Eevo. | The perfect is being used more and more commonly for any past event, especially in Fyxoomian Eevo. | ||
Example: ''Tynd iant naw sdawb pug.'' = I have slept for 6 [ | Example: ''Tynd iant naw sdawb pug.'' = I have slept for 6 [Hmøøhian] hours. (sdawb pug = 6 hours continuously?) | ||
=====Syntax===== | =====Syntax===== | ||
Perfect: ''tynd VERB SUBJECT'' | Perfect: ''tynd VERB SUBJECT'' | ||
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!rowspan=2|Possessive | !rowspan=2|Possessive | ||
!|sg. | !|sg. | ||
|''cy''||''ho''||''ið''||''ih''||''ið''||'' | |''cy''||''ho''||''ið''||''ih''||''ið''||''ob''||''of''||''os''||''id'' | ||
|rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | |rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
| | |''-'' | ||
|''tua'' | |''tua'' | ||
|''twm lias'' | |''twm lias'' | ||
|'' | |''por'' | ||
|''am lleh'' | |''am lleh'' | ||
|''am lieh'' | |''am lieh'' | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'' | |''tols'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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*''llaw X'' = very | *''llaw X'' = very | ||
*''jal X'' = too X | *''jal X'' = too X | ||
*''X-vor'' = suffective ('X enough') | |||
A few adjectives have suppletive comparative and | A few adjectives have suppletive comparative, superlative and suffective forms: | ||
*''slawb'' 'good': ''cølly'' 'better', ''cøllws'' 'best' | *''slawb'' 'good': ''cølly'' 'better', ''cøllws'' 'best', ''cnawr'' 'good enough' | ||
*''orð'' 'big': ''jwm'' 'bigger', ''jwmt'' 'biggest' | *''orð'' 'big': ''jwm'' 'bigger', ''jwmt'' 'biggest' | ||
*''dum'' 'far': ''ytñí'' 'farther', ''ytñít'' or ''snuab ytñí'' 'farthest' (from [[ | *''dum'' 'far': ''ytñí'' 'farther', ''ytñít'' or ''snuab ytñí'' 'farthest' (from [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]] ''ătngi'' 'having surpassed, farther') | ||
*''øør'' 'many': ''ram'' 'more', ''ramt'' 'most' | *''øør'' 'many': ''ram'' 'more', ''ramt'' 'most' | ||
*''ñawð'' 'few': ''broost'' 'less', ''broosws'' 'least' | *''ñawð'' 'few': ''broost'' 'less', ''broosws'' 'least' | ||
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*''gruað'' means "devoid of, lacking" | *''gruað'' means "devoid of, lacking" | ||
*''segað'' means "free of" | *''segað'' means "free of" | ||
=== Discourse particles === | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
Scellan's basic vocabulary is largely Talmic. However, a large portion of Scellan vocabulary (comparable to English) is borrowed, for example from [[ | Scellan's basic vocabulary is largely Talmic. However, a large portion of Scellan vocabulary (comparable to English) is borrowed, for example from [[Naeng]], [[Tseer]], or other languages (especially [[Naquian]], [[Swuntsim]], [[Ciètian]], [[Anbirese]], [[Häskä]], [[Nurian]], [[Netagin]]). This gives Scellan a rich array of synonyms. | ||
===Layers=== | ===Layers=== | ||
* Core Skellic + dialectal doublets | * Core Skellic + dialectal doublets | ||
* Classical and Middle | * Classical and Middle Naeng loans | ||
* Classical Tseer loans | * Classical Tseer loans | ||
* Naquic loans (from trade) | * Naquic loans (from trade) | ||
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*''-i'' is a frozen diminutive suffix. | *''-i'' is a frozen diminutive suffix. | ||
*''-ið'' is a diminutive suffix but is often used discursively, somewhat like "a nice X". | *''-ið'' is a diminutive suffix but is often used discursively, somewhat like "a nice X". | ||
*''-ló'' is a | *''-ló'' is a Naeng augmentative suffix. | ||
*''-wr'' is a native Talmic augmentative suffix. | *''-wr'' is a native Talmic augmentative suffix. | ||
*''mi-'' is used in some nouns where it is a prefix meaning 'bad', 'mis-' or sometimes 'pseudo-'. | *''mi-'' is used in some nouns where it is a prefix meaning 'bad', 'mis-' or sometimes 'pseudo-'. | ||
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**''trovihwñ'' means 'vegetarian' (from ''trovih'' 'vegetarianism'). | **''trovihwñ'' means 'vegetarian' (from ''trovih'' 'vegetarianism'). | ||
**''sbwiþwñ'' means '<i>sbwiþ</i> player'. (A ''sbwiþ'' is a plucked string instrument with 18-22 sympathetic strings.) | **''sbwiþwñ'' means '<i>sbwiþ</i> player'. (A ''sbwiþ'' is a plucked string instrument with 18-22 sympathetic strings.) | ||
*''nw-'' is a | *''nw-'' is a Naeng agentive suffix. | ||
*''-u'' (collective) is a common native affix used to form abstract nouns. | *''-u'' (collective) is a common native affix used to form abstract nouns. | ||
*''-lan'' is another abstract noun suffix. | *''-lan'' is another abstract noun suffix. | ||
*''-ad'' is a common noun suffix | *''-ad'' is a common noun suffix. | ||
*''peñ-'' = 'X-to-be'; from | *''peñ-'' = 'X-to-be'; from Naeng future tense particle ''peng'' | ||
*''-yn'' is an instrumental suffix. | *''-yn'' is an instrumental suffix. | ||
*''-dá'' = good, eu- (from Tseer ''da'' ~ Naeng ''to'') | |||
====Phrasal nouns==== | ====Phrasal nouns==== | ||
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*''-flen'' /-fʟɛn/ is an adjectival suffix with the same meaning as Korean ''-tapta'' and Japanese ''-rashii'': it means 'like an X is supposed to be' or 'like a typical X'. The suffix comes from Old Scellan compound adjectives of the form ''X-fheileán'' (from ''feil'' 'name' + ''-án'' adjectivizer; i.e. 'like the name X' or 'worthy of the name X'). Some words with the suffix have undergone semantic shifts, e.g. carflen /ˈkʰarfʟɛn/ 'humane, moral, ethical' (from Old Scellan car "human" + -flen). | *''-flen'' /-fʟɛn/ is an adjectival suffix with the same meaning as Korean ''-tapta'' and Japanese ''-rashii'': it means 'like an X is supposed to be' or 'like a typical X'. The suffix comes from Old Scellan compound adjectives of the form ''X-fheileán'' (from ''feil'' 'name' + ''-án'' adjectivizer; i.e. 'like the name X' or 'worthy of the name X'). Some words with the suffix have undergone semantic shifts, e.g. carflen /ˈkʰarfʟɛn/ 'humane, moral, ethical' (from Old Scellan car "human" + -flen). | ||
*''-jon'' is similar to '-able', but it is ergative in that it can also be used for "able to [intransitive verb]". ex. ''feñgjon'' 'mortal, human (flowery)' < ''feñg'' 'die'. | *''-jon'' is similar to '-able', but it is ergative in that it can also be used for "able to [intransitive verb]". ex. ''feñgjon'' 'mortal, human (flowery)' < ''feñg'' 'die'. | ||
*''jy-'' (''jyn-'' before C) is a [[ | *''jy-'' (''jyn-'' before C) is a [[Naeng]] adjectival suffix. | ||
*''-ol'' /-ɔ̃/ is an adjectival suffix of Talmic origin. | *''-ol'' /-ɔ̃/ is an adjectival suffix of Talmic origin. | ||
*''-on'' is a Talmic adjectival suffix, from Old Scellan -án (itself from Thensarian ''-aħnam'', Proto-Talmic ''*-aʁnəm''). | *''-on'' is a Talmic adjectival suffix, from Old Scellan -án (itself from Thensarian ''-aħnam'', Proto-Talmic ''*-aʁnəm''). | ||
*''-vað'' '-like' is another Talmic adjectival suffix. | *''-vað'' '-like' is another Talmic adjectival suffix. | ||
*''-wd'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' | *''-wd'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' | ||
*''-wid'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' via | *''-wid'' = from Tigol ''-óid'' via Naeng ''-oyd'' | ||
*''mee-'' = multi- | *''mee-'' = multi- | ||
*''do-'' = uni-, mono- | *''do-'' = uni-, mono- | ||
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Ai Bial, nert eryñ ry swm, | Ai Bial, nert eryñ ry swm, | ||
Juah gyl | Juah gyl Hnawhasewl, | ||
Asgyrr awb, | Asgyrr awb, hmogin nai sdu, | ||
Ai bas xyñol, ho awþdiaba! | Ai bas xyñol, ho awþdiaba! | ||
... | ... | ||
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:SALEM: Mankind has grown quite fond of recounting the exploits of heroes and villains, forgetting so easily that we are remnants, byproducts, of a forgotten past. | :SALEM: Mankind has grown quite fond of recounting the exploits of heroes and villains, forgetting so easily that we are remnants, byproducts, of a forgotten past. | ||
:SALEM: ''Am – | :SALEM: ''Am – hñøøin ab gyl a Si – jo cleðn, øøvr, as esginað ñadl ab.'' | ||
:/am – ˈsŋœyin ap kəʟ ə si – kɔ ˈkʟɛðn̩, ˈœyvr̩, əs ˈɛskinəð ˈŋatəʟ ap/ | :/am – ˈsŋœyin ap kəʟ ə si – kɔ ˈkʟɛðn̩, ˈœyvr̩, əs ˈɛskinəð ˈŋatəʟ ap/ | ||
:human be.born-PST.PART 3SG.M from SG Dust IMPF strong, wise, and rich-CST gifts 3SG.M | :human be.born-PST.PART 3SG.M from SG Dust IMPF strong, wise, and rich-CST gifts 3SG.M | ||
:SALEM: Man, born from Dust, was strong, wise and resourceful. | :SALEM: Man, born from Dust, was strong, wise and resourceful. | ||
:SALEM: ''Ah ab dy | :SALEM: ''Ah ab dy hmøøh erlóhyn a jo hñøøin reb.'' | ||
:but 3SG.M in world pitiless A IMPF be.born-PST.PART RY.3SG.M | :but 3SG.M in world pitiless A IMPF be.born-PST.PART RY.3SG.M | ||
:SALEM: But he was born into an unforgiving world. | :SALEM: But he was born into an unforgiving world. | ||
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:SALEM: An inevitable darkness, creatures of destruction, the creatures of Grimm, set their sights on Man and all of his creations. | :SALEM: An inevitable darkness, creatures of destruction, the creatures of Grimm, set their sights on Man and all of his creations. | ||
:SALEM: ''Jo | :SALEM: ''Jo hñawrand min pirúaf, as dewhyn jo vriþ a maslan lly fwltáwm a hylhyþús ñai ryb Am llyð errah.'' | ||
:IMPF clash this.PL force, and seemingly IMPF intent SG darkness to return SG existence brief of man to-SG nothingness | :IMPF clash this.PL force, and seemingly IMPF intent SG darkness to return SG existence brief of man to-SG nothingness | ||
:SALEM: These forces clashed and it seemed that darkness was intent on returning Man's brief existence to the Void. | :SALEM: These forces clashed and it seemed that darkness was intent on returning Man's brief existence to the Void. | ||
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:SALEM: And when they are gone, darkness will return. | :SALEM: And when they are gone, darkness will return. | ||
:SALEM: ''Ñyv im simynd na nwfiþlóñ red, im dyfían plesit llia | :SALEM: ''Ñyv im simynd na nwfiþlóñ red, im dyfían plesit llia hmøøh red ñi maint red, ah im broos fiah... dy lleed twm sobt swad a huv.'' | ||
:thus IMP prepare PL defender RY.2PL, IMP raise monument for.SG world RY.2PL as pleasure RY.2PL, but IMP put eye... in strength not find-FUT 2PL SG victory | :thus IMP prepare PL defender RY.2PL, IMP raise monument for.SG world RY.2PL as pleasure RY.2PL, but IMP put eye... in strength not find-FUT 2PL SG victory | ||
:SALEM: So you may prepare your guardians, build your monuments to a so-called free world, but take heed... there will be no victory in strength. | :SALEM: So you may prepare your guardians, build your monuments to a so-called free world, but take heed... there will be no victory in strength. | ||
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===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
:''Bo am | :''Bo am hñøø awr rygéen as þur nai hyltsybás as zin. Awr lawr fyójin nai hylynbyþín as bintoçẃr, ceeda beð rer a tynsé hið velc dy heeb eeðagu.'' | ||
:DET.COL human be_born 3PL free and equal INS dignity and right. 3PL COP-3PL bestow-PST.PART INS rationality-COL and conscience-COL 3PL, therefore part GEN.3PL DET act towards one_another in spirit brotherhood | :DET.COL human be_born 3PL free and equal INS dignity and right. 3PL COP-3PL bestow-PST.PART INS rationality-COL and conscience-COL 3PL, therefore part GEN.3PL DET act towards one_another in spirit brotherhood | ||
:All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | :All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | ||
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[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_0AMRr5opg NileRed: Making Anisole] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_0AMRr5opg NileRed: Making Anisole] | ||
:''Depanjẃn, ry givolín | :''Depanjẃn, ry givolín binþafól tamyr tlaméni e, að øømt riav hreem.'' | ||
:Today we're making anisole which is a somewhat nice-smelling organic liquid. | :Today we're making anisole which is a somewhat nice-smelling organic liquid. | ||
:''Twm øør bo bintxynóv tamẃx depanjẃn hnoh, as gøørws ñi bannẃts lly bisçǿð as | :''Twm øør bo bintxynóv tamẃx depanjẃn hnoh, as gøørws ñi bannẃts lly bisçǿð as swvreþol að txynób car e.'' | ||
:Anisole itself doesn't have many direct applications and it's mostly used as a precursor to perfumes and pharmaceuticals. | :Anisole itself doesn't have many direct applications and it's mostly used as a precursor to perfumes and pharmaceuticals. | ||
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==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Rhyming poetry is often said to be from [[ | Rhyming poetry is often said to be from [[Naeng/Classical|Naeng]] and [[Tseer/Classical|Tseer]] influence, as poetry in these languages tend to use rhyme. This supplanted ___ used in Tigol poetry. Eevo uses stress-accentual meters like trochaic/iambic/dactylic meters: the iambic pentameter is common as in English. | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Talmic languages]] | [[Category:Talmic languages]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hmøøh]] | ||
[[Category:Pseudo-Welsh]] | [[Category:Pseudo-Welsh]] | ||