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Sceptrian: Difference between revisions
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===Table of correlatives=== | ===Table of correlatives=== | ||
Determiners follow their heads and agree in number and with the cases mentioned above, where DAT | Determiners follow their heads and agree in number and with the cases mentioned above in [[Sceptrian#Demonstrative|the table]], where DAT & LAT, COM & LOC, CAU & ABL and ABS & VOC are corresponding. Words follow the declension shown above or paradigms similar to [[Sceptrian#Cases|noun cases]]. | ||
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**Emphasizing ''ma'': ''trk dothma'' (it is the man who is a smith) | **Emphasizing ''ma'': ''trk dothma'' (it is the man who is a smith) | ||
* "to have": various [[Sceptrian#Possessive_affixes|possessive forms]], e.g. ''soput trng dothi'' ("profession of a smith for the man") | * "to have": various [[Sceptrian#Possessive_affixes|possessive forms]], e.g. ''soput trng dothi'' ("profession of a smith for the man") | ||
====Conjugation==== | ====Conjugation==== | ||
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Examples: ''Ónbouson dothee pof.'' (A man (ERG) is lifting a feather (ABS).), ''Bousón doth.'' (The man falls.) ''Bouson pof.'' (The feather (ABS) falls.). | Examples: ''Ónbouson dothee pof.'' (A man (ERG) is lifting a feather (ABS).), ''Bousón doth.'' (The man falls.) ''Bouson pof.'' (The feather (ABS) falls.). | ||
====Tense==== | |||
In Sceptrian, verbs are conjugated for three tenses: past, present and future. These tenses indicate when an action took place relative to current moment as their names indicate. | |||
====Aspect==== | |||
Gnomic-static aspect is used to indicate general truths (sun rises) and static situations (I can speak English). It can be used with expressions of time to specify when something was static ("Clothes-on-me these yesterday") | |||
Present progressive describes dynamic actions (I'm reading English at the moment). Present inceptive is used when an action is about to begin or someone is starting to do something. | |||
*Inceptive is only used once: Subject inceptive with intransitive and agent inceptive with translative verbs. Object ending is either PRES.PROG, when something was begun only a moment ago, or FUT, when something is about to begin. | |||
Past imperfective is used with continuous activities which were happening before the present. The contrasting perfective aspect describes the event as a whole and having an endpoint in the past. | |||
In future tense, no aspects are distinguished, but rather non-finite forms are used. | |||
Mixing agent and subject endings... | |||
*PRES retrospective: | |||
**PST.PFV+verb+STAT: ''ai-tesos-Ø næ ka'' (I've seen this), ''ai-latep-a næ'' (I've danced (myself)) ← intransitive became transitive | |||
*PRES prospective: INCEP+verb(+FUT): ''tsa-latép(-ar) (I'm starting to dance (and I'll be doing it for a while)) | |||
Momentane vs. frequentative derivations; different ways for different stems/categories (make sound, move, | |||
====Mood==== | ====Mood==== | ||
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**FUT: ''mor'' | **FUT: ''mor'' | ||
Examples: ''Ailat'''ee'''p'''out'''óji.'' (I couldn't dance with him), ''¿Tse'''fø''' | Examples: ''Ailat'''ee'''p'''out'''óji.'' (I couldn't dance with him), ''¿Tse'''fø'''latéphar?'' (You don't want to begin dancing with me?) | ||
'''Honoring negation''' for 2nd person polite forms consists of (second person) negation affixes with second apophony and ''saal''-particle placed after the verb: ''K'''ee'''p'''oz'''athar saal.'' (You'll be unable to wash Yourself, unfortunately.) | '''Honoring negation''' for 2nd person polite forms consists of (second person) negation affixes with second apophony and ''saal''-particle placed after the verb: ''K'''ee'''p'''oz'''athar saal.'' (You'll be unable to wash Yourself, unfortunately.) | ||