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{{list subpages}} | |||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = | |image = | ||
|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|creator = | |creator = User:Praimhín | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Wug Schlaub | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
|region = | |region = | ||
|familycolor=hmong-mien | |familycolor=hmong-mien | ||
|fam1=[[ | |fam1=[[Gloobic languages|Gloobic]] | ||
| | |scripts=Schlaub abugida | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ( | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wug Schlaub'' 'Schlaub speech' or 'Schlaub thing') is a language inspired by Hmong RPA and German. It is the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub. | ||
Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
==Todo== | |||
need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some) | |||
Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')=== | ||
====Vowels==== | |||
Similar to German | |||
====Consonants==== | |||
Standard Schlaub has about 65 initials. | |||
===Consonants=== | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ '''Schlaub initials''' | |||
{| class=" | |||
|+ ''' | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | ||
! colspan="2" | Labial | ! colspan="2" | Labial | ||
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! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''schm''' m̥ | | '''schm''' m̥ | ||
| | | '''schml''' m̥ˡ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''schn''' n̥ | | '''schn''' n̥ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''schnr''' ɳ{{v-}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ | | '''nt''' ⁿtʰ | ||
| | | '''ntl''' ⁿtˡʰ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ | | '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ | ||
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| '''schr''' ʂ | | '''schr''' ʂ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''sch''' ɧ | | '''sch''' ɧ~x | ||
| | | | ||
| '''schw''' ʍ | | '''schw''' ʍ | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
===Traditional logography=== | ===Traditional logography=== | ||
=== | ===Abugida=== | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Schlaub is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial: | |||
:''''' | :'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.''''' | ||
: | :INDEF bird_species drink water PROG | ||
:''A wug is drinking water.'' | |||
:'' | |||
:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.''''' | :'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.''''' | ||
:1SG have home in Tumhan | :1SG have home in Tumhan | ||
:''I live in Tumhan.'' | :''I live in Tumhan.'' | ||
:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.''''' | :'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.''''' | ||
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate | :1PL speak about VN love and VN hate | ||
:''We speak about love and hate.'' | :''We speak about love and hate.'' | ||
:'''''Dahn mpfein so, ab dahn nkeiß Mbob so sein.''''' | |||
:1PL love 3SG.A thus 1PL receive face 3SG.A PRES.PROG | |||
:''We love him so we are welcoming him.'' | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
====Personal==== | ====Personal==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | ! Person !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Schlaub has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.' | |||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Correlatives | |+ Correlatives | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! What !! This !! That !! Any | ! !! What !! This !! That !! Any | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Pronominal | ! Pronominal/Adnominal | ||
|| nab || naus || nein | || nab || naus || nein, nin || nan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Place | ! Place | ||
|| drab || draus || drein | || drab || draus || drein, drin || dran | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Manner/Extent | ! Manner/Extent | ||
|| rab || raus || rein | || rab || raus || rein, rin || ran | ||
|} | |} | ||
Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns. | |||
Schlaub is wh-in-situ: | |||
*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this? | |||
*''Ndob naus dzah nab?'' (person this COP what) = Who is this? | |||
*''Zied be drab sein?'' (lit. you to where PROG) = Where are you going? | |||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
*be = to | |||
*bis = in, at | *bis = in, at | ||
*gan = without | |||
*gen = with | |||
*in = of | |||
*je = from | *je = from | ||
*nun = for | *nun = for | ||
*ob = vocative | *ob = vocative | ||
*weg = about | *weg = about | ||
* | *wi = away from | ||
* | *schon = ago | ||
===Auxiliaries=== | ===Auxiliaries=== | ||
*hab = causative | *hab = causative | ||
*bleib = deliberately | |||
*vein = accidentally | |||
:'''''Xan bleib schäd Nduß hin.''''' | |||
:''I deliberately dropped the glass.'' | |||
:'''''Xan vein schäd Nduß hin.''''' | |||
:''I accidentally dropped the glass.'' | |||
===Particles=== | ===Particles=== | ||
*sein = present progressive | *sein = present progressive | ||
**Present progressive can also be formed by reduplicating the verb | |||
*hin = past | *hin = past | ||
*bei = future | *bei = future | ||
*aus = cohortative | *aus = cohortative | ||
*es = question | *es = question | ||
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*da = exclamatory | *da = exclamatory | ||
*eh = negative | *eh = negative | ||
* | *je = prohibitive | ||
*los = inchoative | *los = inchoative | ||
*man = emphatic | |||
*wein = (literary) alas!, woe is... | |||
===Conjunctions=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
*an = and | *an = and | ||
* | *schaub = or (Finnish tai) | ||
*schweis = or (Finnish vai) | |||
*leid = but | *leid = but | ||
*von = relative clause | *von = relative clause | ||
*tun = complement clause | *tun = complement clause | ||
*daß = if | *daß = if | ||
* | *schluß = then, so, therefore | ||
*nahn schluß = so that, in order to | |||
*dsäus = because (lit. reason) | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
ein = definite article | ein = definite article (proper nouns such as ''Wug Schlaub'' do not take it) | ||
wie = specific article | |||
die = indefinite article | die = indefinite article | ||
Words | Words may be pluralized by reduplication: ''Ndob Ndob'' = people. Only animates are pluralized consistently. | ||
Polysyllabic words have a null plural: | |||
:'''''Schniß, ob Blieb-Blas!''''' | |||
:fly VOC butterfly | |||
:''Fly, butterflies!'' | |||
===Verbs and adjectives=== | ===Verbs and adjectives=== | ||
Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication. | Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication. | ||
''ntsien'' = slow; ''ntsien ntsien'' 'slowly' | |||
===Classifiers=== | ===Classifiers=== | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
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1000: ''schöd'' | 1000: ''schöd'' | ||
===Schm-reduplication=== | Numerals come before nouns: | ||
Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is | :'''''So ploß beid weiß Sen.''''' | ||
:3SG.AN son two ten year_of_age | |||
:He is 20 years old. | |||
==="The more... the more..."=== | |||
:X X SUBJ1, Y Y SUBJ2 | |||
:"The more SUBJ X's, the more SUBJ2 Y's." | |||
:'''''Xan eh zaun Wiß j'ein zu Treig Treig. Lös lös xan, wäud wäud xan läß.''''' | |||
:1SG NEG receive understanding from DEF INF happen happen. run run 1SG, become become 1SG fat. | |||
:''I don't understand what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.'' | |||
==="Schm-reduplication"=== | |||
Hloh uses a form of schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated. | |||
"Leid xan dzah heb die Nöb da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL | |||
" | "Nöb schmöb schmöb, zied mbuh ngäs man!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH | ||
===Fossilized morphology=== | ===Fossilized morphology=== | ||
*PHS ''s-'' | *PHS ''s-'' | ||
**''Schlähn'' 'tribe' < ''lähn'' 'three' | **''Schlähn'' 'tribe' < ''lähn'' 'three' | ||
**'' | **''Schlaub'' 'year' < ''Laub'' 'leaf' | ||
**''Schwiß'' 'plain' < '' | **''Schwiß'' 'plain' < ''biß'' 'flat' | ||
*PHS ''-ʔ'' (reflected by tone change) | *PHS ''-ʔ'' (reflected by tone change) | ||
**''-g'' > ''-d'': ''Lied'' 'art song' < ''lieg'' 'to tell a lie; (''obsolete'') to express' | **''-g'' > ''-d'': ''Lied'' 'art song' < ''lieg'' 'to tell a lie; (''obsolete'') to express' | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
Schlaub vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Gloobic languages, however. | |||
===Four-character phrases=== | |||
Schlaub, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza. | |||
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail) | |||
*''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice) | |||
==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
[Under construction] | [Under construction. The poems are gibberish and are meant to illustrate the rhyme scheme.] | ||
===Rhyme=== | |||
In addition to having the same rime, two words must rhyme in tone class in order to be considered to rhyme. -Ø, -b, -n are "flat" (''mla'') tones; -g, -d, -s, -ß and checked tones are "sharp" (''dzäß'') tones. | |||
===Virelai=== | |||
The virelai (Schlaub: ???) is a traditional Schlaub poetic form. | |||
Example [the poem is gibberish]: | |||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an | ''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,'' | ||
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von | ''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.'' | ||
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß | ''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,'' | ||
''Raus ein | ''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.'' | ||
''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,'' | ''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,'' | ||
''blein Eib zu Mböd bis | ''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,'' | ||
''klaub wie raug Mlob weis | ''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.'' | ||
''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,'' | ''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,'' | ||
'' | ''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,'' | ||
'' | ''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.'' | ||
''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,'' | |||
''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,'' | |||
''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,'' | |||
''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.'' | |||
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,'' | |||
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.'' | |||
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,'' | |||
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.'' | |||
</poem> | |||
===Burns stanza=== | |||
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Schlaub meter. | |||
'' | <poem> | ||
'' | ''Tlad Hei drlah Mbauß,'' | ||
'' | ''Xan schnuh zied nraug,'' | ||
'' | ''Xob Ndzäu beis schraus –'' | ||
''Jed Vug –'' | |||
''Ngiß Tsahn we jaud'' | |||
''schrieb mbug.'' | |||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
[ | Though [your] body must [become] soil, | ||
[ | I touch you up close, | ||
[ | The warm embrace nurturing | ||
[ | [The] leaf [of] learning; | ||
A garden growing between [us], | |||
[which will] last forever. | |||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
===Holorime=== | |||
Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones | |||
==Sample text== | ==Sample text== | ||
===Tower of Babel=== | ===Tower of Babel=== | ||
# ''Bis Ndreib nin dzeb ein Xab flog die Ntzog an die zu Wes meib hin.'' | |||
# ''Leid bis Glied zu Ndxub in ein Ndob Ndob be Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na an nlub man drein hin.'' | |||
:LOC time that DEF world | # ''An ein Ndob Ndob tlau be veß hin, "Ob bus aus dahn Ngu an nlaß zug schlög schlög." Zug raug Mlob Ngu bis rohn Pfaub an Schräh bis rohn Kis Mbeh hin.'' | ||
# ''An zug tlau hin, "Ob ntsaus aus dahn die Mbih nun dahn an bis ja die Nkloh von Schmauß raug man Ntse. Rein dahn xau Ntrob nun dahn bei. Schaub dzas es hab mpeib dahn dseih dseih bis dzeb ein Xab bei."'' | |||
# ''Leid ein Schwed mpfau ba hin, schluß bleb ein Mbih an ein Nkloh von ein Ndob-Ndob ntsaus sein.'' | |||
# ''Ein Schwed tlau hin, "Daß die Lad wes Ntzog meib tei dlä nin, ab dxah nan zug schlab txoh hau eh gan Tzuß bei.'' | |||
# ''"Ob mpfau nros aus dahn an hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog zug, schluß zug drlin eh tug veß bei."'' | |||
# ''An ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein dseih dseih bis dzeb ein Xab hin, an zug vus ntsaus ein Mbih hin.'' | |||
# ''An nun nein ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog in dzeb ein Xab hin. Je drein ein Schwed hab mpeib zug dseih dseih bis dzeb ein Xab hin.'' | |||
=== Gloss === | |||
:''Bis Ndreib nin dzeb ein Huß flog die Ntzog an die zu Wes meib hin.'' | |||
:LOC time that whole DEF world have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST | |||
:Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. | :Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. | ||
:''Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub | :''Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub in ein Ndob Ndob be Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na an [nlub man] drein hin.'' | ||
:but [as] VN move GEN DEF human human PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST | |||
:but [as] VN move GEN DEF | |||
:As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. | :As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. | ||
:''An ein Ndob Ndob tlau | :''An ein Ndob Ndob tlau be veß hin, "Ob bus aus dahn Ngu an nlaß zug [schlög schlög]."'' | ||
:CONJ DEF human human say PREP one_another PST, VOC make SUBJ 1SG brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] | |||
:CONJ DEF | |||
:They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." | :They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." | ||
:''Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub an Schräh [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.'' | :''Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub an Schräh [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.'' | ||
:3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST | :3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST | ||
:They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. | :They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. | ||
:''An zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbih nun dahn an bis ja die Nkloh von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse | :''An zug tlau hin, "Ob ntsaus aus dahn die Mbih nun dahn an bis ja die Nkloh von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse.'' | ||
:and 3PL say PST, VOC build SUBJ 1SG INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky | |||
:and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky | |||
:And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky. | :And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky. | ||
:''Rein dahn | :''Rein dahn xau Ntrob nun dahn bei. Schaub dzas es hab mpeib dahn [dseih dseih] bis dzeb ein Huß bei."'' | ||
:that_way 1SG grow name for 1SG bei. or fall IMPERS cause scatter 1PL all_over whole LOC DEF world FUT. | |||
:That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world." | :That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world." | ||
:''Leid ein Schwed | :''Leid ein Schwed mpfau ba hin, schluß bleb ein Mbih an ein Nkloh von ein Ndob-Ndob ntsaus sein.'' | ||
:but DEF god descend come PST, PURP see DEF city and DEF tower REL DEF human human build PROG | |||
:But the {{sc|Lord}} came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. | :But the {{sc|Lord}} came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. | ||
:''Ein Schwed tlau, | :''Ein Schwed tlau hin, "Daß die Lad wes Ntzog meib tei dlä nin, ab dxah nan zug schlab txoh hau eh gan Tzuß bei.'' | ||
:DEF god say PST, if one people speak language common have start do this, then thing whatever they plan accomplish NEG without possibility FUT | |||
:The {{sc|Lord}} said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. | :The {{sc|Lord}} said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. | ||
:'' | :''"Ob mpfau nros aus dahn an hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog zug, schluß zug drlin eh tug veß bei."'' | ||
:VOC descend go SBJ 1SG and cause confuse hit DEF language 3PL COHORT, in_order_that 3PL hear not understand each_other FUT | |||
:"Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.” | :"Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.” | ||
:''An ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein | :''An ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein [dseih dseih] bis dzeb ein Xab hin, an zug vus ntsaus ein Mbih hin.'' | ||
:and DEF god scatter 3PL from there all_over LOC whole DEF world PST, and 3PL stop build DEF city PST | |||
:So the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. | :So the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. | ||
:'' | :''An nun nein ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog in dzeb ein Xab hin.'' | ||
:and for that 3SG.I have name Babel — reason DEF god cause confuse hit DEF language of whole DEF world PST | |||
:That is why it was called Babel — because there the {{sc|Lord}} confused the language of the whole world. | :That is why it was called Babel — because there the {{sc|Lord}} confused the language of the whole world. | ||
:''Je drein ein Schwed mpeib zug dsei dsei ein | :''Je drein ein Schwed hab mpeib zug [dsei dsei] bis dzeb ein Xab hin.'' | ||
:from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST | |||
:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth. | :From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth. | ||
[[Category:Gloobic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||