Schlaub: Difference between revisions

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|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|creator = User:Praimhín
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Wug Schlaub
|nativename = Wug Schlaub
|pronunciation= /wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Irta/Thab Skawj]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region =  
|region =  
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|fam1=[[Gloobic languages|Gloobic]]
|script=Hlou abugida
|scripts=Schlaub abugida
|iso3=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh'' or homophonous with "hello"; natively: ''Wug Schlaub'' /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing') is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages and the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub.
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wug Schlaub'' 'Schlaub speech' or 'Schlaub thing') is a language inspired by Hmong RPA and German. It is the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub.


Hlou liberally uses Easter eggs.
Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.


==Background==
==Background==
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Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb
Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb
==Diachronics==
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɨ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
Glottal stop finals (''-h'' in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
''*ã'' > ''äu''; ''*ãʔ'' > ''oh''
''*ẽ'' > ''ä''; ''*ẽj'' > ''ei''; ''*ẽʔ'' > ''äh''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
====Vowels====
====Vowels====
Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
Similar to German
 
a e i ie o u ä ö = /a e i ɨ o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
 
ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
 
ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/
 
Some vowels' realizations should depend on tone


====Consonants====
====Consonants====
Standard Hlou has about 65 initials.
Standard Schlaub has about 65 initials.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Hlou initials'''
|+ '''Schlaub initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Labial
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! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schm''' m̥
|  
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|  
|  
| '''schn''' n̥
| '''schn''' n̥
|  
|  
|  
| '''schnr''' ɳ{{v-}}
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|}
|}
====Tone====
{{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
{|class="wikitable"
! Orthography
! Tone
! Example
|-
| ∅
| mid level / high checked (33~32)
| ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
|-
| '''-n'''
| low level / low checked (21~11)
| ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
|-
| '''-b'''
| high level / high falling (55~53)
| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˧/ 'leaf'
|-
| '''-d'''
| dipping / low falling (313~31)
| ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
|-
| '''-g'''
| breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
| ''laug'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
|-
| '''-s'''
| rising (24)
| ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
|-
| '''-ß'''
| broken rising (3ˀ5)
| ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
|}
Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d
Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops
===''Schlaub Glaß''===
The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.
====Vowels====
a e i o u ä ë ö = /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ɔ̃/
ah eh ih oh uh äh ëh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
ei ëi au äu = /əi ə̃i əu əũ/
====Consonants====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Schlaub Glaß initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|
| '''schn''' n̥
|
|
|
| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
|
|
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' cˡ
|
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' cˡʰ
|
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''k''' kʰ
| '''kl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mb''' ᵐb
| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
| '''ndl''' ᶮɟˡ
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ᶮcˡʰ
|
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''bv''' pv
|
| '''dz''' ts̪
| '''ds''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''pf''' pf
|
| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mbv''' ᵐbv
|
| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''mpf''' ᵐpf
|
| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
|
| '''z''' s̪
| '''s''' s̺
| '''schl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''schj''' ç
| '''schr''' ʂ
| '''sch''' ɧ<br/>'''ch''' x
|
| '''schw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l, '''ł''' ɫ
|
| '''j''' j
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
====Tone====
Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the ''d'' and ''g'' tones are merged into ''g''.
===Schlaub Lag===
Another dialect of Hlou
*should have ng, schng initials
* it has an -l tone in addition to the 7 tones of Standard Hlou


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Traditional logography===
===Traditional logography===
===Abugida===
===Abugida===
===Schngellstein's orthography===
should use the Eevo script
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
Schlaub is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
:'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
:'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
:/tɨ˧ wu&#804;˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
:INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
:INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
:''A wug is drinking water.''
:''A wug is drinking water.''


:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.'''''
:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.'''''
:/ʃa˨˩ flo̤˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥˩/
:1SG have home in Tumhan
:1SG have home in Tumhan
:''I live in Tumhan.''
:''I live in Tumhan.''


:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.'''''
:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.'''''
:/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we&#804;˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
:''We speak about love and hate.''
:''We speak about love and hate.''
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|}
|}


Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'
Schlaub has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'


====Demonstrative====
====Demonstrative====
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! !! What !! This !! That !! Any
! !! What !! This !! That !! Any
|-
|-
! Pronominal
! Pronominal/Adnominal
|| nab || naus || nein, nin || nan
|| nab || naus || nein, nin || nan
|-
|-
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Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.
Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.


Hlou is wh-in-situ:  
Schlaub is wh-in-situ:  


*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?  
*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?  
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*da = exclamatory
*da = exclamatory
*eh = negative
*eh = negative
*doh = prohibitive
*je = prohibitive
*los = inchoative
*los = inchoative
*man = emphatic
*man = emphatic
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==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Hlou vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Hlou-Shum languages, however.
Schlaub vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Gloobic languages, however.


===Four-character phrases===
===Four-character phrases===
Hlou, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
Schlaub, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
*''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
*''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
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===Virelai===
===Virelai===
The virelai (Hlou: ???) is a traditional Hlou poetic form.
The virelai (Schlaub: ???) is a traditional Schlaub poetic form.


Example [the poem is gibberish]:
Example [the poem is gibberish]:
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===Burns stanza===
===Burns stanza===
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter.
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Schlaub meter.


<poem>
<poem>
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:from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST
:from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST
:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
[[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]]
[[Category:Gloobic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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